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2018 Vol. 5, No. 1
Published: 2018-03-09
 
1 Mitochondrial DNA mutations and human cancer
RAO Ben-qiang, DENG Li, YAN Wei
Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells, which are mainly responsible for the regulation cellular energy metabolism, generation of free radical, and the execution of apoptotic pathways. Abnormal oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic metabolism are the result of mitochondrial dysfunction and are thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. In the past decades, numerous mutations in both the coding and control regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been extensively examined and confirmed in a broad range of primary human cancer, underscoring that accumulation of mtDNA alterations may be a critical factor in eliciting persistent mitochondrial defects and consequently contribute to cancer initiation and progression. However, the roles of these mtDNA mutations in the carcinogenic process remain largely unknown. This review outlines a wide variety of mtDNA mutations identified in common human malignancies and highlighted recent advances in understanding the causal roles of mtDNA variations in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. In addition, it briefly illustrates how mtDNA alterations activate mitochondriato-nucleus retrograde signaling so as to modulate the expression of relevant nuclear genes or induce epigenetic changes and promote malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. These findings strongly indicates that mtDNA mutations could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of cancer and as a potential target for the therapy of cancer, but continued investigations are definitely required to further elucidate the functional significance of specific mtDNA mutations in cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 210 ) HTML PDF (2704 KB)  ( 103 )
11 The invention of a simple diet self-assessment tool for cancer patients
1 CONG Ming-hua, 2 SHI Han-ping
Due to the special metabolic characteristics and the adverse reactions associated with the anti-cancer treatment, the decrease of diet in cancer patients often leads to an increase in the incidence of malnutrition, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Previous studies have found that the decrease of some patients’ diet easily ignored by the patients themselves and their clinical medical staffs. Dietary survey is a professional technique to demonstrate the quantity and uality patients eat. However, dietary survey needs professional dietitian to complete, which affects the clinical application. In the earlier studies, the author found that dietary patterns of cancer patients have rules to follow, in accordance with the rules, the diet of patients can be scored. Quantitative for nutrition therapy should be based on the investigation about patients’ intake.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 11-13 [Abstract] ( 624 ) HTML PDF (2759 KB)  ( 223 )
14 Perioperative nutrition in patients undergoing gastrectomy with enhanced recovery after surgery
1 CHEN Jun-qiang, 2 SHI Bo
The core idea of ERAS is to reduce trauma and stress, its aim is to promote early rehabilitation of organ function and to improve the patient prognosis and the quality of life effectively. In recent years, domestic and foreign relevant organizations and experts who explore the research of gastrectomy and ERAS have released the relevant guidelines and consensus, advocating the establishment of a standardized management team, including surgeon, anesthesiologists and nurses. On the basis of evidence-based medicine, we should respect patients' objective reality and work out individualized ERAS program. This paper focuses on the issues of controversy in the ERAS clinical practice, such as the timing of the preoperative and postoperative nutritional implementation, scheme selection and immune nutrition preparation and clinical application of ONS. Combining with the latest research progress at home and abroad that has been thoroughly analyzed and summarized, we came to the following conclusions. Preoperative nutrition assessment and nutritional therapy are important contents for improving perioperative nutrition and body function of gastric cancer patients. According to the preoperative nutrition status of the patients, the corresponding preoperative nutrition treatment plans, such as the oral administration, ONS, immunotherapy, parenteral nutrition or multi-channel combined nutrition therapy, should be selected. After operation, the patients should resume eating and drinking water as soon as possible, to minimize the occurrence of postoperative enteroplegia. For patients with no oral intake or insufficient oral intake, they can be supplemented through enteral or parenteral pathways. At the same time, this paper elaborates the treatment measures of the nutrition related issues at all stages in the ERAS of gastrectomy, aiming at promoting postoperative gastric cancer patients recover quickly and securely and providing an important basis to carry out ERAS widely in clinical practice for gastrectomy in China.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 14-18 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML PDF (1105 KB)  ( 96 )
19 Body composition analysis in pharmacokinetics and toxicity prediction of anticancer drugs
CUI Jiu-wei, LIU Xue-lian, LI Wei
Most anticancer drugs are characterised by a narrow therapeutic window; hence, a small change in dose can lead to poor antitumour effects or an unacceptable degree of toxicity, which may result in dose reductions and even delays and a poor prognosis. Therefore, any exploration aimed at optimizing the dosage of drugs is worthwhile. Classically cytotoxic chemotherapy has been dosed by adjusting doses by BSA. Recently, this traditional method of calculating the dose of drugs has been questioned. Firstly, the deduction of the BSA formula and its application outside the phase I clinical trial are lack of reasonable basis. In addition,a number of studies have demonstrated that BSA dosing is associated with high pharmacokinetic variability and failed to reduce interpatient variability. It gives the false impression that we are practicing personalized medicine by using a patient-specific metric. According to the research, there is a close connection between body composition and the pharmacokinetics of anticancer agents which make the body composition as a prognostic factor of chemotherapy toxicity and outcome. With the rapid development of body composition analysis methods such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and computerized tomographic scanning, the research on drug dose calculation based on body composition analysis has become a hot issue in the interdisciplinary field. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview about the relationships among the body composition, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of anticancer agents, and the current research on body composition analysis in the clinical transformation process of dose standardization of anticancer agents is reviewed.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 19-25 [Abstract] ( 299 ) HTML PDF (962 KB)  ( 95 )
26 Gastrointestinal tract flora and gastric cancer and role of traditional Chinese medicine
GONG Hong-xia, SU Yun, LIU Yong-qi
With the development of modern molecular biology techniques and the progress of metagenomic and metabonomics, gastrointestinal tract flora and its metabolic research are taken more seriously. Gastric cancer, as the fifth most common cancer and the third mortality rate of cancer-related death in the world, and gastrointestinal tract flora are getting recognized. The number and the type of microorganism are the most in the gastrointestinal microecosystem, and their balance play aimportant role in human health.Early humans think stomach is terile. Along with the in-depth study of the relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and human gastric cancer has been gradually revealed as well as the relationship between human gastrointestinal tract flora and gastric cancer. The study confirmed that gastrointestinal tract flora can participate in nutrition, metabolism and immune function. Changes in gastrointestinal tract flora can also lead to the occurrence and development of inflammation. If the spleen and the stomach are incoordination, gastrointestinal tract flora may disorder inevitablely. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine can not only improve the incoordinated symptoms of spleen and stomach, but also adjust the gastrointestinal tract flora of patients with gastric cancer. In this paper, study on the relationship among gastrointestinal tract flora and gastric cancer and the role of traditional Chinese medicine is to be summarized.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 26-29 [Abstract] ( 300 ) HTML PDF (928 KB)  ( 121 )
30 Expert consensus on nutritional therapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcer
Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Chinese Society for Oncological Nutrition and Supportive Care, The Committee of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center, Chinese Nutri
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in nasopharyngeal mucosa epithelium. About 80% of NPCs occur in China, which seriously endanger people's health and life safety and NPCs are one of the malignant tumors that China focuses on prevention and treatment. Malnutrition has become a common clinical complication in NPC patients due to the disease itself and anti-tumor therapy. Among them, NPC patients receiving radiotherapy are one of the groups with the highest incidence of malnutrition. Malnutrition seriously affects the prognosis of NPC patients. Reasonable nutritional therapy has a positive impact on the quality of life and prognosis of patients with NPC. According to the patient's condition, choosing the best time and taking appropriate nutritional therapy play a key role to ensure the success of patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and thus affect the patient's recovery and prognosis. It should be emphasized that no matter what nutritional treatment (enteral or parenteral nutrition) the patients should be evaluated first. The patient's nutritional status and energy needs should be formulated and adjusted according to the changes in weight and related indicators in order to improve patients' tolerance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, to reduce adverse reactions, and to improve quality of life.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 30-32 [Abstract] ( 412 ) HTML PDF (895 KB)  ( 255 )
33 The role of glucose transporter SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the intestinal absorption of quercetin
1, 2 LI Su-yun, 3 LI Zheng, 2 GAO Wei-na, 1 CHEN Chun-xia, 3 ZHANG Zhen-qing, 2 GUO Chang-jiang
Objective To explore the transmembrane absorption mechanism of quercetin based on sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) model. Methods Quercetin and buspirone (internal standard) were assessed by using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method. Transmembrane transport of quercetin was studied in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, and the roles of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in this process were studied by using phloridzin (a potent inhibitor of SGLT1) and phloretin (a potent inhibitor of GLUT2). Quercetin was detected in receiver solution of the Caco-2 cell monolayer within 30~150 min. Results During 30~150min’s incubation, quercetin aglycon was detected among every group on the receiver side of transmembrane transport. The amount of quercetin in receiver solution increased at first and peaked at 120 min, and then decreased. Phloridzin exerted an obvious inhibitory effect on the transmembrane transport of quercetin, and meanwhile the phloretin significantly raised the amount of quercetin in the receiver side. Conclusions Quercetin was transported in a complete molecular form across the Caco-2 cell monolayer, and SGLT1 and GLUT2 might both be involved in its transmembrane transport simultaneously, but further research is needed to confirm the role of GLUT2 in the transmembrane transport of quercetin.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 33-37 [Abstract] ( 283 ) HTML PDF (1126 KB)  ( 75 )
38 Postoperative application of olive oil-based lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition for colorectal cancer
QIAN Jun, LI De-chuan, FAN Yong-tian,
Objective To observe the effects of olive oil-based lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition on the immune function and postoperative recovery of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods 80 cases of colorectal cancer were randomized into two groups after critical abdominal surgery. Parenteral nutrition with structure lipid emulsion was processed in both groups after surgery.Treatment group was given olive oil-based lipid emulsion (ClinOleic). Control group was added medium and long chain fat emulsion. Effects on the incidence of postoperative complications, anal exhaust time, intravenous nutrition, length of hospital stay, and the levels of C-reaction protein (CRP) were compared. The effect of postoperative intestinal function recovery and immune function improvement were investigated and the possible mechanism was explored. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups. The incidences on complications (sore throat, nausea and vomiting, reposition gastrointestinal decompression tube, incision infection, pulmonary infection, intestinal obstruction, anastomotic leakage) have no statistical differences (χ 2 =4.512, P>4.512). In the treatment group, the immunological function of the patients were significantly improved, and the C-reactive protein decreased by 67.470-43.786 significantly (t=4.290, P<0.001). The time of anal venting, intravenous nutrition and postoperative hospitalization of treatment group were all shorter than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Olive oil-based lipid emulsion can significantly improve the immune function and accelerate the postoperative recovery of colorectal cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 38-42 [Abstract] ( 311 ) HTML PDF (2445 KB)  ( 123 )
43 Enteral and parenteral nutrition on efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal cancer
1 LI Fan, 2 LI Jing, 1 TIAN Cai-qin,
Objective To explore the effects of enteral combined parenteral nutrition treatment on the nutritional status, quality of life, chemotherapy toxicity and nosocomial infection for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer after two chemotherapy cycles. Methods Totally 100 patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group (n=50) was treated with combined parenteral with enteral nutritional support and chemotherapy, the control group (n=50) was provided with normal diet and chemotherapy. The nutritional status, toxicity reaction, quality of life, and nosocomial infection rate of the two groups were assessed and evaluated before and after each cycle of chemotherapy. Results There were no significant differences of the nutritional status, quality of life and nosocomial infection rate between two groups before chemotherapy and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the body mass index (19.59±4.05 vs 18.91±3.36, P<0.05) and hemoglobin (109.5±7.55g/L vs 103.10±4.63g/L, P<0.05) were significantly higher than that in first cycle of chemotherapy. The incidence of myelosuppression was significantly lower than that in control group (38.0% vs 70.0%, P<0.05). There were significant difference between nausea and vomiting in treatment group and the control group (22.0% vs 52.0%, P<0.05). The incidences of nosocomial infection in the treatment group were lower than in the control group (4.0% vs 26.0%, P<0.05). Conclusions Combined parenteral with enteral nutritional therapy after two chemotherapy cycles can not only ameliorate the nutritional status and quality of life of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, but also alleviate the chemotherapy-induced adverse reaction, and prevent nosocomial infection.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 43-47 [Abstract] ( 207 ) HTML PDF (1020 KB)  ( 102 )
48 Energy intake on nutritional status and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy
GONG Li-qing, WANG Yan-li, SUN Yan
Objective To evaluate the effect of different levels of energy intake on nutritional status and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer during radiochemotherapy. Methods Four items including nutritional assessment, dietary survey, measuring body composition and quality of life were employed to investigate 90 patients with head and neck cancer which meet the inclusion criteria in two periods, including the stage before radiochemotherapy and the end of radiotherapy. Dietary intake was estimated by a 24h dietary recall conducted by the oncology dietitian each time, including energy from food and oral nutritional supplements. Energy requirements were estimated by using Harris-Benedict equation, then the energy ratio was calculated. The proportion of energy intake<70% was group A, and the proportion of energy intake≥70% was group B. Results There were no significant differences in clinical data, including age, gender, BMI, nutritional status, clinical stage, dignosis, radiological dose and treatment method between group A and group B (P>0.05), so the two groups were comparable. At the end of radiotherapy, the incidence of malnutrition in group A was significantly higher than group B, the incidence of malnutrition in group A and group B were 100% and 84.09%, respectively. According to 24h dietary recall, the energy intake from food and ONS in group A were 864kcal and 214kcal, respectively, which were significantly lower than group B (P<0.05). The influences on body compositions by energy intake were expressed by the changes before and after radiotherapy. The results showed that the changes of BMI, weight, muscle mass, protein, skeletal mass and percentage of body fat in group A were greater than in group B. All the changes beween two group had significant differences (P <0.05), besides the changes of protein and skeletal mass. Before radiotherapy, there were no significant differences in life quality scores between two groups. However, at the end of the radiotherapy, the functional scores were lower in group A than in group B, the symptom scores are higher in group A than in group B. There were significant differences in the total quality of life, cognitive function, pain, fatigue, loss of appetite between two groups. Conclusions The nutritional status, body composition and life quality deteriorate for patients with head and neck cancer after radiochemotherapy. Nevertheless, maintaining the energy intake≥70% could prevent further deterioration.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 48-52 [Abstract] ( 248 ) HTML PDF (1011 KB)  ( 102 )
53 Glutamine supplementation improves intestinal mucosal barrier function in colon cancer patients undergone surgery
1 XIONG Yong-qiang, 2 GUO Yun-tong, 1 CHEN Hao,
Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous glutamine (Gln) on intestinal mucosal barrier function in colon patients undergone surgery. Methods According to the number of patient hospital mantissa odd and even difference, a total of 98 patients undergoing colon cancer surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2016 to August 2017 were selected and divided into treatment group (Ala-Gln) 46 cases (added alanyl glutamine injection) and control group of 52 patients (blank control) by observing the two groups of patients's serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-lactate), endotoxin Changes,in order to explore the two groups of patients with intestinal mucosal barrier function changes. Results The levels of D-lactic acid, DAO and endotoxin in the two groups before surgery and on the first day after operation were not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after operation in the treatment group, Serum D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin levels were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The differences of D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin levels on day 3, 5, and 7 after operation with those on the first postoperative day were statistically significant, and the difference between the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Surgery can cause further damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with colon cancer. Postoperative intravenous glutamine can significantly improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function, which is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with colon cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 53-58 [Abstract] ( 263 ) HTML PDF (1280 KB)  ( 104 )
59 Skeletal muscle loss correlates toxic reaction and chemotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced lung cancer
1 YAO Ke-qing, 1 CONG Ming-hua, 2 DAI Zhong,
Objective To evaluate the correlation between the skeletal muscle loss with the toxicity and efficacy in advanced lung cancer patients. Methods 35 advanced lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy were included in this study. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by the human body composition analyzer. And nutritional status of patients were assessed by the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). After 2 cycles chemotherapy, the change of nutritional status, incidence of complications, and prognosis were compared between the decrease group (skeletal muscle loss>2%) and the control group (skeletal muscle loss≤2%). Results Compared with before treatment, patients in the control group had significantly lower PG-SGA scores (5.55±4.01 vs 3.25±2.84, P<0.05) and significantly higher prealbumin levels [(23.62±5.53)g/L vs (27.45±5.26g/L, P<0.05] after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Besides, we found that patients in the decrease group had significantly higher incidence of I degree anemia (35% vs 66%, P<0.05), II-III grade gastrointestinal reaction (35% vs 66%, P<0.05) and PD (5% vs 20%, P<0.05), and significantly lower incidence of PR (35% vs 13.3%, P<0.05) than in the control group. Conclusions The skeletal muscle loss>2% during chemotherapy could influence the incidence of side effects and efficacy, suggesting that it may serve as a predictor of side effects and prognosis of chemotherapy
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 59-62 [Abstract] ( 309 ) HTML PDF (1037 KB)  ( 100 )
63 Investigation of nutritional knowledge attitude practice and its impacting factors in patients with thoracic tumor
ZHONG Lin-jun, FU Yan, YU Chun-hua
Objective To investigate the status of nutritional knowledge attitude practice in hospitalized patients with thoracic tumor and analyze the impacting factors, so as to provide a clinical basis for nutritional education and nutritional intervention in patients with thoracic tumors. Methods A cross-sectional survey conducted to investigate the hospitalized patients with thoracic tumor by using a self-designed questionnaire. Results Among the 294 cases, 197 were males, 97 were females, 226 were lung cancer, 48 were esophagus cancer, and 20 were other cases. The passrate of the patients' nutritional knowledge was 46.3%. Less than 1 in 3 patients knew correct diet structure. The accuracy of knowledge of calcium, protein and vitamin was 43.2%~77.6%. The accuracy of knowledge of iron was only 26.5%. More than 2/3 patients knew food that can protect stoach and intestine. For food like high fat diet, moldy food, pickled food, hot food, barbecue, 39.1%~78.6% of patients knew the relationship between the food and disease. 94% of the patients kept a positive attitude for nutrition. More than 80% of the patients said they would seek nutritional knowledge about disease and health, but only 39.1% received nutritional knowledge from medical staff. 53% of the patients had a healthy nutritional behavior. 62.6% of the patients eat pickled and fried foods and only 39.1% of the patients measured their weight regularly. The nutritional KAP was affected by sex, educational level, residence and chronic disease of the patients. The nutritional attitude of female was better than that of male. The KAP of junior high school and below was significantly different from that of high school or secondary school and above (P<0.05). The KAP in rural patients was lower than that of urban patients. Patients with chronic disease had better nutritional behavior. Conclusions The nutritional KAP of the cancer patients was not ideal. The nutritional attitude was positive but the behavior is poor. To manage the nutritional status of hospitalized patients with thoracic tumor, gender, educational level, residence, chronic diseases are needed to be fully considered. To improve nutritional KAP of patients, targeted nutrition education, individualized and meticulous nutritional education are needed to be intervened.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 63-68 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML PDF (1018 KB)  ( 106 )
69 Octreotide combined with alanyl-glutamine for prevention of tardive diarrhea caused by irinotecan
DAI Zhong, YAO Ke-qing, TIAN Li-xia,
Objective The gastrointestinal side effects and bone marrow suppression are main dose dependent toxicity of irinotecan, especially the unpredictable severe diarrhea. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of octreotide combined with alanyl-glutamine on the prevention of irinotecan-caused tardive diarrhea in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Sixty patients with advanced colorectal cancer who were scheduled irinotecan-based -chemotherapy were recruited and divided into prevention group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Patients in prevention group received octreotide 0.1mg tid via hypodermic injection and alanyl-glutamine10g qd ivgtt from the onset of chemotherapy to day 6. The incidence and severity of tardive diarrhea in both groups were compared. The large doses of loperamide amine were used to treat when patients with sparse stool or the increase in time. The montmorillonite powder, Bifidobacterium capsule and rehydration therapy were given when necessary. Results There were 12 cases with tardive diarrhea in control group with the incidence of 40%, including 6 cases (20%) of grade 2 diarrhea, 4 cases (13.3%) of grade 3 diarrhea, and 2 cases (6.7%) of grade 4 diarrhea. 4 cases occurred tardive diarrhea in prevention group with the incidence of 13.3% (P<0.05), and all of them were grade 2 diarrhea, and no grade 3~4 diarrhea occurred. Conclusions There were good preventive effect of octreotide combined with alanyl-glutamineon irinotecan-caused tardive diarrhea, which could improve the safety.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 69-72 [Abstract] ( 205 ) HTML PDF (980 KB)  ( 80 )
73 Correlation between expression of survivin and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer tissue
1 LIU Jing-wen, 2 WANG Qian
Objective To observe the expression of survivin in advanced gastric cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 (tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule), and to explore the relationship between the expression of survivin in advanced gastric cancer and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Methods 60 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 and gastric cancer surgery were enrolled in the study. According to the pathological changes of gastric cancer patients, the curative effect of the patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was determined, and the patients were classified as chemo-effective and chemo-noneffective groups. Through dectecting the expression level of survivin in pathological examination of endoscopic diagnostic specimens before chemotherapy and surgical excision tissue with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, then the relationship between survivin expression in gastric cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 was analyzed. Results There was significant difference in the expression of survivin before neoadjuvant chemotherapy between the chemo-effective and the chemo-noneffective groups (P<0.05). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1, the expression of survivin significantly increased in the gastric cancer tissue (P<0.05). The variation of survivin expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 was not correlated between the chemo-effective and the chemo-noneffective groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The low expression of survivin in patients with gastric cancer may be sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1, the effect of chemotherapy is good, the increased expression of survivin after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 may be associated with chemoresistance of gastric cancer, which may reduce the effect of chemotherapy; detecting the expression of survivin can help to predict the sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on S-1 for gastric cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 73-77 [Abstract] ( 170 ) HTML PDF (1123 KB)  ( 74 )
78 Clinical effect of parenteral nutrition on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy
LIU Jing, HU Xiao-gang, WANG Si-xiong,
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of lipid emulsion (10%)/amino acids (15) and glucose (20%) injection for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after TP chemotherapy regimen. Methods The retrospective analysis was conducted in 58 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received TP chemotherapy regimen from October 2016 to October 2017. The patients were divided into two groups according to the nutritional supply methods after chemotherapy, 30 patients who received conventional multiple bottle infusions after chemotherapy were distributed into the control group, and 28 patients who received lipid emulsion (10%)/amino acids (15) and glucose (20%) injection after chemotherapy were distributed into the research group. The general information, anthropometric parameters, nutritional status, immune function, quality of life score between the two groups were compared before and after chemotherapy. Results Before chemotherapy, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the two groups in general information, anthropometry parameters, nutritional status and immune function. The values of anthropometric parameters (BMI, TSF, MAMC) and nutritional haemal parameters (HB, TP, PA, ALB) of the research group after chemotherapy were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the values of immune function parameters (IgM, IgG, IgA, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+) of the research group after chemotherapy were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the quality of life score in the fields of cognition function, social function and total health state were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the scores in the symptom field of nausea and vomiting were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The parenteral nutrition support treatment using lipid emulsion (10%)/ amino acids (15) and glucose (20%) injection for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy is beneficial to improve the nutritional status, enhance the immunity function, improve the quality of life, so it is worthy of further clinical application.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 78-83 [Abstract] ( 238 ) HTML PDF (1027 KB)  ( 126 )
84 The significance of eating assessment tool-10 in high-grade gliomas
1 CHUANG Dong-mei, 1 LI Yan, 2 LIU Li-hui,
Objective To investigate the effect of different nasogastric tube retention time on quality of life and prognosis of glioma patients with deglutition disorders. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 glioma patients with nasogastric intestine. 17 patients were immediately placed into the nasogastric tube (immediate group), and the other 15 patients were delayed into the nasogastric tube (delayed group). The body weight, body mass index (BMI), albumin, KPS score and daily living ability score table (ADL table) were measured at 1 month and 2 months after symptoms of deglutition disorder appear. We compared the survival time and the total EAT-10 score of the two groups. Results When the total score of EAT-10 was 24, the incidence of pneumonia between the two groups was statistically significant difference (χ2=4.802, P=0.028). Pneumonia was observed in 2 patients in the observation group, with an incidence rate of 11.76%, and pneumonia was found in 7 patients in the control group with a rate of 46.67%. Two months after the onset of swallowing symptoms, the KPS scores of the control group were significantly lower than those of the observation group (t=-1.07, P=0.01). Conclusions Patients with high-grade gliomas undergoing assessment of symptoms of deglutition disorder using the eating assessment tool -10 (EAT-10) should be given immediate nocturnal enuresis when the EAT-10 score reaches 24 points Stomach tube. If you choose to postpone the nasogastric tube, it will increase the risk of pneumonia patients, and thus affect the patient's health status.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 84-87 [Abstract] ( 248 ) HTML PDF (1021 KB)  ( 79 )
88 Mitochondrial DNA mutation in cervical cancer
1 FENG Da-li, 2 ZHOU Fu-xiang
Mitochondria are the organelles of the eukaryotic cells that oxidize phosphorylation to produce ATP and are closely related to cell energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis control and so on. Mitochondria have mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA), a genetic material independent of nuclear genes. mtDNA is the only genetic material outside nuclear,because of its unique structural characteristics and biological environment, which is prone to mutation with about 10 times the rate to nuclear genome. A large number of research show that mtDNA is highly related to the occurrence and development of human tumor. Cervical cancer(CC) is the most common gynecologic malignant tumor that endangers human health. Its incidence is the second of female malignant tumor in the world, second only to breast cancer.With the development of the economy and society, the spectrum of human disease has changed greatly. But the incidence and mortality of CC remain high. There are many studies on the correlation between the genome nucleus and cervical carcinoma, but the research on genome outside the nuclear are rare.In recent years, study on relationship between mtDNA and CC has become a hot research topic. Mutations in mtDNA include qualitative mutations, such as base substitution, insertion or deletion, and changes in the content of mtDNA, etc. Many previous studies include the effect of mtDNA mutation on different aspect of CC. This paper reviews the relevance between the mutation of mtDNA and occurrence,development, prognosis of CC.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 88-91 [Abstract] ( 312 ) HTML PDF (942 KB)  ( 70 )
92 Clinical application of ketogenic diet in the treatment of cancer
1 ZHANG Xu, 1 SUN Di, 2 JIANG Gui-chun
With the advancement of modern science and technology and the increasing knowledge of biochemistry, the role of nutrition in daily life and medical treatment is gradually emerging. The use of nutritionally relevant knowledge to supplement or even treat diseases with diet-controlled alternative drugs under pathological conditions has been achieved. In addition, the use of nutrition as an adjuvant therapy in a synergistic manner to enhance the drug effect and to reduce the possible side effects and dependence has also been widely confirmed in many fields. With the tumor cell metabolism in-depth study, a research shows that the most important feature shared by tumor cells is that they are mainly energized with glucose (Warburg effect) both aerobically and anaerobically. It is because of this special metabolic approach that dietary control is considered as an important strategy in cancer therapy. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, and very low-carbohydrate diet that can potentially affect the treatment and prognosis of the tumor.As an important part of non-drug therapy, ketogenic diet therapy has been systematically applied in pediatric refractory epilepsy treatment both at home and abroad, and has achieved remarkable results. However, the application of ketogenic diet has rarely been reported in cancer treatment. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism of action of ketogenic diet in cancer therapy and the effect of clinical application on cancer patients, and provides references for the study of non-drug treatment of cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 92-96 [Abstract] ( 321 ) HTML PDF (955 KB)  ( 195 )
97 Prevention and treatment of gut microbiota related colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine
1 PAN Guo-feng, 1 ZHANG Liang-deng, 1* FENG Xing-zhong,
In China, the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer ranks the third and fifth place of all malignant tumors, which seriously threatens the health of residents. The etiology of colorectal cancer is complex, and gut microbiota is the key factor in the process of carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota is an important factor to maintain the human gastrointestinal tract and body health. The pathogenesis by which gut microbiota induce colorectal cancer includes microbial metabolism, immune and inflammatory pathways and the regulation of stress and antioxidant defense, bacterial gene toxin and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often taken by oral, so it inevitably interacts with the gut microbiota. TCM mainly regulates the composition of gut microbiota, thereby regulates the host immune function, as well as oxidative stress and antioxidant defense regulation and other ways to achieve the role of prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The experimental studies have confirmed that TCM has a good protective effect on the balance of intestinal microecology system and improvement of the flora imbalance. It can improve that anti-cancer immune reaction of the host and exert the anti-tumor curative effect by regulating the cell function of bone marrow source, enhance oxidation resistance of the whole intestinal flora, improve the metabolism of microorganisms, reduce metabolic inflammation, and inhibit the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of escherichia coli, and anti-inflammation, analgesia, anti-tumor and so on. To sum up, intestinal flora play an important role in the occurrence and development of some colorectal cancer, and regulating intestinal flora is an important target of TCM for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 97-101 [Abstract] ( 266 ) HTML PDF (1159 KB)  ( 110 )
102 Browning of adipocyte and weight loss
QU Qian-nuo, ZHANG Tian, FAN Yue-ping
Obesity has become a major public health problem and is the consequence of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. There are three kinds of body fat tissue. White adipose tissue are specialized to store energy, maintaining body temperature and participating in adipose metabolism. Brown adipose tissue can produce heat under external stimulation, and thus protects against cold temperature, rare in adults, but abundant in hibernating animal and in newborns. When mice are exposed to cold or β-adrenergic agonists, some brown-fat-like cells were observed in the subcutaneous white adipose depot, called beige cells. Browning is regarded as a possible method for increasing energy expenditure. Exercise has numerous physiological benefits on human health, more recently it has been demonstrated that exercise, through a range of mechanisms, induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue from energy storing white adipocytes to thermogenic brown adipocytes, browning is thus of great interest as a potential method to treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders. At present, main factors that can regulate browning of white fat are irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 and interleukin-6, and in clinical practice, intermittent fasting was proven to promote white adipose browning and decrease obesity by regulating gut microbiota. The present review discusses mechanism of various factors that regulate browning of white adipose during exercise in order to provide new ideas for clinical weight loss.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 102-106 [Abstract] ( 230 ) HTML PDF (2539 KB)  ( 110 )
107 Nutrition status of patients with esophageal cancer and its management
1 QI Shu-jing, 1 QI Rui-xia, 2 ZHANG Wu-lin,
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in China are the 5th and 4th places respectively, and they are increasing year by year. Nutritional support plays an important role in patients with esophageal cancer. Due to factors such as obstruction, difficulty in swallowing, tumor consumption, esophageal cancer patients can easily lead to insufficient intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals and fluid, and thus cause malnutrition situation even worse. Malnutrition increases the incidence of postoperative complications, which affects postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up treatment. The proper use of nutritional support is an important component of surgeons and medical oncologists. Oncologists should be aware that patients with esophageal cancer are at high risk for complications related to malnutrition. While overweight and obesity clearly increase the risk of surgical complications, weight loss is not only associated with the risks of surgery, but also with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and comprehensive treatment compliance. This eventually turns out to be lower recovery rates and cure rates. Oral nutrition supplement is a simple procedure which needs work closely with nutrition experts. Tube feeding, with the use of commercial formulations, provides adequate macro and trace elements for patients who are not suitable for oral nutrition supplements. In the context of perioperative nutritional support, PEG should be limited because it has been widely used in various fields, especially in gastrointestinal tumors. Full use of EN or PN can reduce the incidence of complications and can shorten hospital stay.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 107-110 [Abstract] ( 338 ) HTML PDF (992 KB)  ( 122 )
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