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2025 Vol. 12, No. 4
Published: 2025-08-09
 
405 Cancer exercise therapy
Cong Minghua
Cancer exercise therapy as an integral component of comprehensive cancer management demonstrates unique scientific value in cancer prevention treatment and rehabilitation. Microcirculation—the critical network for material exchange—undergoes structural and functional abnormalities that foster procarcinogenic microenvironments through localized tissue hypoxia and immunosuppression. The "Warburg effect" in tumor cells further exacerbates this condition. As a non-pharmacological intervention regular exercise improves microcirculatory perfusion reduces inflammatory cytokine levels and activates immune responses offering significant implications for cancer control. In China exercise therapy traces its origins to Daoyin techniques of the Qin Dynasty evolving into a modern systematic approach. Globally research has shifted from initially focusing on quality -of -life outcomes to elucidating mechanistic pathways now confirming exercise􀆶 s multifaceted antitumor effects. Exercise therapy demonstrates substantial efficacy in both prevention and treatment. For prevention it mitigates cancer risk through metabolic regulation and immune enhancement. For treatment it augments therapeutic outcomes alleviates treatment-related adverse effects and accelerates recovery. In China policy support integrative medicine and technological innovation further advance its application. Future developments will prioritize precision exercise prescriptions integration of smart technologies and quad -modal interventions " Exercise -Nutrition - Psychology-Community" to provide novel strategies for cancer prevention and control.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 405-408 [Abstract] ( 48 ) HTML PDF (787 KB)  ( 36 )
409 Advancements in home-based exercise interventions for the management of patients with malignant neoplasm
1Wang ke,1Wang Jiali,2Chen Yongyi
With the advancement of comprehensive treatment modalities for malignant neoplasm the survival duration of affected patients has progressively increased thereby amplifying the demand for home-based rehabilitation. Home-based exercise is recognized as a critical non-pharmacological intervention due to its cost-effectiveness accessibility and numerous health benefits playing a pivotal role in the recovery of patients with malignant neoplasms. Recent evidence suggests that structured home-based exercise can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications prevent oxalate-induced muscle atrophy enhance immune function and significantly improve patients' quality of life through mechanisms such as the regulation of inflammatory factors and the enhancement of muscle metabolism. Nevertheless current data indicates that patients with malignant neoplasms frequently exhibit low adherence to prescribed home exercise regimens. Misconceptions regarding exercise along with symptoms such as cancer-related fatigue and pain represent significant barriers that contribute to their reduced compliance with home - based exercise programs. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach including overcoming cognitive barriers by precision - tailored exercise prescriptions integrating intelligent assistive technologies and consolidating multidisciplinary resources to establish a safe evidence -based and sustainable home-based exercise rehabilitation framework. Such a model holds significant potential to improve clinical outcomes and enhance patients' quality of life. This article seeks to examine four critical dimensions of home exercise for patients with malignant neoplasms risk assessment types of home exercise adherence to home exercise regimens and follow-up. The findings aim to serve as a reference for the enhanced promotion of home exercise among this patient population.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 409-412 [Abstract] ( 46 ) HTML PDF (929 KB)  ( 21 )
413 The role and mechanisms of exercise in liver cancer prevention and treatment
Du Cheng, Wang Wei, Xia Ruiyang
Liver cancer as one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide its pathogenesis is closely related to factors such as viral hepatitis metabolic disorders and obesity. Although the survival rate of liver cancer patients has significantly improved after comprehensive treatments such as targeted therapy immunotherapy and interventional therapy most patients are diagnosed at the middle or advanced stage. Even with radical treatment the recurrence rate is still very high and both the incidence and mortality of liver cancer need to be reduced. Exercise intervention is becoming a promising therapeutic strategy especially. Current research indicates that exercise can reduce the risk of liver cancer significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay of liver cancer patients enhance the efficacy of anti - tumor treatment improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their survival period. Its role in anti-cancer may involve multiple mechanisms. Exercise can not only slow down the development process of tumor cells by regulating the intrinsic factors of tumor cells such as growth rate metastasis and metabolism but also improve or restore the homeostasis of the cellular microenvironment by regulating metabolism - related pathways including glucose metabolism insulin metabolism lipid metabolism and autophagy influencing the immune system and regulating inflammatory factors. This article aims to explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer summarize the mechanisms controlling tumor metabolism and systemic immune function and propose the latest consensus on the exercise plan for liver cancer patients. All in all exercise can serve as an important intervention measure for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer and its complications.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 413-420 [Abstract] ( 35 ) HTML PDF (3555 KB)  ( 37 )
421 Advances and Future Development Directions of Nutritional Therapy for Cancer in China
Liu Xiangliang, Liang Tingting, Cui Jiuwei
Rational nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life reducing complications lowering treatment costs and enhancing the prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the disease itself and the effects of treatment cancer patients often face severe malnutrition however the current rate of clinical nutritional intervention still needs improvement. In 2024 Chinese researchers achieved significant breakthroughs across several key areas of oncology nutrition encompassing cancer prevention metabolic intervention nutritional assessment and mechanistic studies In cancer prevention studies have shown that specific foods such as onions and cruciferous vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of liver and gastrointestinal cancers Regarding metabolic and nutritional interventions and assessment research revealed that a serine / glycine - free diet can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy methionine supplementation can improve muscle atrophy caused by cancer cachexia sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients whereas a high BMI has a protective effect in elderly cancer patients. Mechanistic investigations further elucidated tumor cells drive immune evasion through metabolic competition providing a theoretical basis for precision therapies targeting metabolic pathways. In the future artificial intelligence technologies will empower research in oncology nutrition and metabolism promoting the design of individualized and precise nutritional prescriptions. These high - level research findings provide important evidence-based medical support for nutritional therapy in cancer helping to advance the field toward greater precision and individualization.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 421-427 [Abstract] ( 43 ) HTML PDF (852 KB)  ( 191 )
428 Effect of exercise on prevention and treatment of breast cancer
Li Xiaohong, Zhuo Wenlei
The incidence of breast cancer is closely related to unhealthy lifestyle overweight abnormal metabolism and high estrogen level. In recent years the value of exercise in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer has become increasingly prominent. The clinical research results show that exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. In terms of prevention exercise can effectively reduce the risk of breast cancer by reducing the volume of estrogen sensitive breast the level of estrogen in the body and the rate of body fat. For early patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy neoadjuvant chemotherapy local radiotherapy or endocrine therapy exercise can not only improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance physical fitness but also regulate emotions and sleep reduce fatigue alleviate chemotherapy adverse reactions relieve joint pain maintain muscle and bone density improve quality of life and improve prognosis. For surgical patients exercise can help prevent or alleviate lymphedema improve upper limb function and enhance quality of life. For survivors of breast cancer exercise can enhance muscle strength and cardiopulmonary function regulate metabolic syndrome and reduce long - term recurrence rate. For patients with advanced breast cancer exercise can reduce fatigue and improve the quality of life. In conclusion this article summarizes and reviews a series of studies on exercise and breast cancer pointing out that patients may benefit from various types of aerobic or resistance exercise whether alone or in combination. Women should choose appropriate exercise methods and intensities based on their own situation. Further research is needed in the future to develop more accurate and personalized exercise programs to help prevent and treat breast cancer.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 428-434 [Abstract] ( 34 ) HTML PDF (1353 KB)  ( 23 )
435 Progress in exercise therapy for lung cancer
1Chu Futao,2Liu Lingxiang
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide posing a significant threat to human health. In recent years exercise therapy has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the prevention treatment and rehabilitation of lung cancer. Clinical studies demonstrate that exercise effectively improves cardiopulmonary function in lung cancer patients enhancing peak oxygen uptake and 6-minute walk test performance thereby alleviating postoperative dyspnea and increasing physical endurance. Additionally exercise enhances muscle mass and exercise capacity reduces the risk of sarcopenia and lowers postoperative complications e. g. pneumonia atelectasis ultimately shortening hospital stays and improving quality of life. At the mechanistic level exercise influences lung cancer progression through multiple pathways. First it modulates the tumor microenvironment TME by promoting immune cell infiltration e. g. CD8 + T cells and potentially converting "immune-desert" or " immune-excluded" TME into an " immune-inflamed" phenotype thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Second exercise affects tumor angiogenesis ameliorates hypoxia and regulates key factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor . Furthermore exercise promotes cancer cell apoptosis by upregulating tumor suppressor p53 and activating the BAX/ BAK-Caspase - 3 apoptotic pathway thereby inhibiting tumor growth. However different exercise modalities e. g. endurance training vs. high-intensity interval training HIIT exhibit varying effects on the immune microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Exercise therapy has important clinical application value in the management of lung cancer which can not only improve the physiological function and quality of life of patients but also synergistically enhance the anti - tumor effect through immune regulation and pro apoptotic effect. This article aims to summarize the clinical effect and mechanism of action of exercise therapy.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 435-440 [Abstract] ( 37 ) HTML PDF (1197 KB)  ( 10 )
441 Effects of prognostic nutrition index guided fractional nutrition therapy on immune function nutritional status and complications in patients with colorectal cancer
Liu Daoqin, Zhao Qing, Wang Dan, Shi Sailei, Wang Fang
Objective To investigate the effects of graded nutrition therapy guided by prognostic nutrition index PNI on immune function nutritional status and complications in patients with colorectal cancer. Method A total of 155 patients with colorectal cancer who were diagnosed and treated in Jiangsu Provincial People 's Hospital from November 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the observation group treated with graded nutritional therapy under the guidance of PNI n = 78 and the control group treated with conventional nutritional intervention n = 77 according to the random number table method. The time of the first postoperative exhaust the time of eating the time of getting out of bed and the hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Observe the levels of PNI at admission T0 1 day before surgery T1 7 days after surgery T2 and 30 days after surgery T3 as well as the levels of serum CD4 + T cells CD4 + / CD8 + T cells CD8 + T cells albumin hemoglobin prealbumin at T0 and T3 and the complications. The correlation between PNI and complications was analyzed by Spearman method. Result The time of first exhaust after surgery the time of first eating after surgery the time of first getting out of bed after surgery and the hospital stay in the observation group were all shorter than those in the control group and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group P<0. 05 . The serum albumin hemoglobin and prealbumin of the two groups 30 days after the operation increased significantly compared with those at admission P < 0. 05 . The serum albumin hemoglobin and prealbumin in the observation group 30 days after the operation were all higher than those in the control group P<0. 05 . The CD4 + T cells CD4 + / CD8 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the observation group at time point T3 were all higher than those in the control group P<0. 05 . The PNI of the observation group at time points T1 T2 and T3 was all higher than that of the control group P<0. 05 . Conclusion PNI guided fractional nutrition therapy is beneficial to improve nutritional status and immune function promote intestinal function recovery and reduce the incidence of complications in patients with colorectal cancer which is of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 441-447 [Abstract] ( 38 ) HTML PDF (846 KB)  ( 13 )
448 Trajectories of prognostic nutritional index changes in patients during the induction period of initial dialysis and their relationship with dialysis quality
Ge Shuxia, Liu Ying, Chen Qin
Objective To explore the trajectory of prognostic nutritional index changes in patients during the initial dialysis induction period analyze the influencing factors of different trajectories and explore the correlation between different trajectories and dialysis quality. Method 152 patients in the initial dialysis induction period admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the study objects by convenient sampling method. Basic information questionnaire and prognostic nutrition index were used to conduct questionnaire surveys at the first dialysis T1 1 week after dialysis T2 2 weeks after dialysis T3 and 1 month after dialysis T4 and specific dialysis quality indicators were used as data from one month of dialysis at T4 stage. The latent class growth model was used to identify the trajectories of prognostic nutritional index changes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of different trajectories. Analysis of variance was used for pairwise comparisons to explore the relationship between different trajectories and dialysis quality. Result 148 valid questionnaires were recovered 95 men 64. 19% and 53 women 35. 81% . There were three different trajectories of nutritional indices in patients during the initial dialysis induction period with mean probabilities of 0. 962 0. 958 and 0. 968 respectively. The three trajectory categories were malnutrition improvement group 48. 7% nutritional plateauing group 27. 4% and malnutrition exacerbation group 23. 9% respectively. The different trajectory categories differed significantly in age P= 0. 022 marriage χ 2 = 11. 983 P= 0. 017 BMI χ 2 = 9. 856 P = 0. 043 and co-morbidities χ 2 = 10. 107 P = 0. 006 . The results of the quality of dialysis in patients in 1 month of initial dialysis showed that the rate of decrease in urea ranged from 55. 35% to 80. 24% with a mean 68. 25±6. 11 % urea clearance index 1. 26±0. 25 and β2-microglobulin 45. 27±3. 64 g / L. The results of two-by-two comparison showed that the rate of urea decrease and urea clearance index of patients in the nutritional smooth group were higher than that of the malnutrition improvement group P < 0. 01 and higher than that of the malnutrition exacerbation group P < 0. 01 and the β2 - microglobulin of the patients in the nutritional smooth group was lower than that of the malnutrition improvement group P < 0. 01 and lower than that of the malnutrition exacerbation group P < 0. 01 . Conclusion Different trajectories are affected by the combination of patients' own age marriage BMI and co-morbidities etc. Paying attention to patients in the initial dialysis induction period in the malnutrition exacerbation group and formulating a personalized nutritional intervention plan has positive significance in improving the quality of dialysis and prolonging the survival cycle.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 448-455 [Abstract] ( 28 ) HTML PDF (876 KB)  ( 15 )
456 Construction and application of enteral nutrition programme for perioperative patients with intracranial aneurysml subarachnoid hemorrhage
Xu Yan, Wang Fang, Zhou Yu, Lu Jingjing, Chen Yaling, Wang Yulan
Objective To construct a perioperative enteral nutrition management programme for patients with intracranial aneurysml subarachnoid hemorrhage and to explore the positive effect of enteral nutrition programme on improving the nutritional status and condition of patients with intracranial aneurysml subarachnoid hemorrhage. Method A total of 96 patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2024 were selected by convenient sampling. As the investigation objects of this study the investigation objects were divided into intervention group and control group by block group combined with random number table method with 48 persons in each group. The control group received conventional treatment and nursing and the intervention group received enteral nutrition on the basis of the control group. Result The constructed enteral nutrition programme for perioperative patients with intracranial aneurysml subarachnoid hemorrhage included a total of 4 primary indicators 12 secondary indicators and 31 tertiary indicators all with a grade of evidence of B and above. 2 patients one in the intervention group and one in the control group were automatically discharged from the hospital due to postoperative changes in their condition and a total of 94 patients completed the trial with ages ranging from 35 to 84 years old averaging 50. 66±7. 95 years old 30 31. 91% males and 64 68. 09% females and there was no difference in the baseline data of the patients in the two groups P>0. 05 after the implementation of enteral nutritional regimen the intervention the nutritional risk screening 2002 score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group the nutritional indicators total protein albumin hemoglobin of the patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group the feeding intolerance of the patients in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group the nutritional attainment of the standard was significantly higher than that of the control group and the results of the APACHE Ⅱ score of the patients in the intervention group were comparatively significantly lower than that of the control group and the differences were all statistically significant P < 0. 05 . Conclusion The construction of a perioperative enteral nutrition programme for patients with intracranial aneurysml subarachnoid hemorrhage is conducive to improving patients nutritional indicators reducing perioperative nutritional risk reducing the occurrence of feeding intolerance improving nutritional compliance and improving patients disease development.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 456-464 [Abstract] ( 36 ) HTML PDF (2895 KB)  ( 49 )
465 Study on the occurrence and related influencing factors of early enteral nutritional intolerance after radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer
Huang Kuanjun, Tuhongkare Yasheng, Zhang Lipeng, Ali Mujiang Abula, Hu Zhiliang
Objective To investigate the occurrence and related influencing factors of early enteral nutritional intolerance after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Method A total of 260 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection in the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture from June 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the tolerance group n = 188 and the intolerance group n = 72 according to whether there was feeding intolerance in enteral nutrition in the early postoperative period. The baseline data of the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were used to analyze the risk factors influencing early postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with gastric cancer and a comprehensive index was constructed based on the results of multivariate analysis. The receiver operator characteristic curve ROC curve was used to analyze the area under the curve AUC sensitivity and specificity of risk factors and comprehensive indices in predicting early postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with gastric cancer. Result The proportions of getting out of bed for activity ≤4 hours on the first day after surgery no use of nutrition pumps continuous enteral nutrition support starting enteral nutrition 24 h after surgery and serum albumin ≤35 g in the intolerance group were all higher than those in the tolerance group while prealbumin was lower than that in the tolerance group P<0. 05 . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time of getting out of bed on the 1st day after surgery ≤4 h no use of nutrition pump continuous enteral nutrition support enteral nutrition starting 24 h after surgery and serum albumin ≤35 g were independent risk factors for early postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with gastric cancer P<0. 05 . ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value sensitivity and specificity of early postoperative enteral nutritional intolerance in gastric cancer patients predicted by composite index were 0. 769 0. 722 and 0. 750. Conclusion Short time of getting out of bed on the first day after surgery ≤4 h no use of nutrition pump continuous enteral nutrition support early start of enteral nutrition after surgery within 24 h and low serum albumin level ≤35 g are all factors that have adverse effects on early postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with gastric cancer. Based on these factors a comprehensive index was constructed. It can provide reference for predicting the risk of early postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance so as to formulate targeted intervention measures to reduce the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 465-470 [Abstract] ( 35 ) HTML PDF (1325 KB)  ( 12 )
471 Effect of the nutritional treatment model based on anti-inflammatory diet in patients undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy
Yang Jiangbo, Zhu Kuanmin, He Youxin, Wang Lei
Objective To explore the effect of nutritional therapy based on anti-inflammatory diet in breast cancer chemotherapy patients and its effects on inflammatory indicators intestinal gate level dominant flora and adverse events. Method A total of 228 breast cancer chemotherapy patients admitted to Qinhuangdao Second Hospital from February 2021 to February 2024 were selected as the study objects They were divided into two groups according to the random number method. 114 patients in the control group received routine nutritional support and 114 patients in the observation group received nutritional treatment based on anti-inflammatory diet. Compare the inflammatory factor levels leukocyte- 1β IL- 1β tumor cytokines TNF - α C reactive protein CRP immune function CD8 + T cells CD4 + T cells CD3 + T cells nutritional status index body mass index BMI upper arm circumference MAC triceps skinfold thickness TF serum nutrition index prealbumin PA albumin Alb total protein TP dominant flora Firmicutes antibacteria AFP at the same time The occurrence of adverse events during hospitalization was statistically analyzed in two groups. Result After 14 days of intervention the levels of IL-1 β TNF - α CRP CD8 + T cells BMI MAC TSF and the logarithm of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in both groups were lower than before intervention. The levels of CD4 + T cells CD3 + T cells PA Alb TP and the logarithm of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were higher than before intervention in the same group and the differences were statistically significant P < 0. 05 . At the same time after 14 days of intervention the intervention group showed better improvement in IL-1 β TNF - α CRP CD8 + T cells CD4 + T cells CD3 + T cells PA Alb and TP compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant P<0. 05 . BMI MAC TSF and the composition of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant P<0. 05 . The composition of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant P<0. 05 . Meanwhile the adverse events in the intervention group 6. 14% vs 14. 91% were lower than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant P<0. 05 . Conclusion Nutritional therapy based on anti-inflammatory diet is more feasible safe and scientific. It is used in breast cancer chemotherapy patients to better reduce inflammation improve body immune function improve nutritional status and promote the overall health recovery. It is of great significance for clinical treatment guidance and prognosis improvement and has high utilization value.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 471-477 [Abstract] ( 31 ) HTML PDF (848 KB)  ( 42 )
478 Latent profile analysis nutritional literacy of family caregivers of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after surgery
1Xu Rui,2Zhu Kaili,1Zhu Tingting,3Duan Peibei,1Wang Xiaoqing
Objective To explore the nutritional literacy categories of family caregivers for postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients and analyze the influencing factors of different categories. Method Conveniently select the family caregivers of 402 postoperative patients with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to our hospital from December 2023 to February 2024 as the research subjects. Using social cognitive theory as a framework a self-designed general information survey form a nutrition literacy scale for family caregivers of patients with digestive system tumors after surgery a communication mode scale for family caregivers and an unmet needs scale for cancer patient supporters were used for the survey. Potential profile analysis was conducted on the nutritional literacy level of family caregivers and multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of family caregivers' nutritional literacy that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Result 399 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 99. 25% . The nutritional literacy characteristics of family caregivers can be divided into three categories weak foundation type 40. 35% prominent attitude fluctuation type 13. 53% and versatile stability type 46. 12% . Gender educational level caregiver work status family economy patient relationship communication with medical staff communication mode and degree of unmet needs are three potential categories of influencing factors P<0. 05 . Conclusion The nutritional literacy of family caregivers of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after surgery has obvious categorical characteristics. Medical staff can predict the nutritional literacy characteristics of caregivers based on their demographic and disease characteristics and develop targeted and personalized response strategies accordingly to improve the level of nutritional literacy.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 478-486 [Abstract] ( 34 ) HTML PDF (1329 KB)  ( 17 )
487 Research progress on the association between pro-inflammatory diet and colorectal carcinogenesis
1Wu Yingxin,2Wang Hui,3Jiang Guichun
In recent years the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have increased year by year posing a huge threat to health. Long - term chronic inflammatory state can lead to dysfunction of the body. Diet as a modifiable factor of the body 's inflammatory level affects health outcomes due to different inflammatory properties and effect levels presented by different dietary components and nutrients. In recent years domestic and foreign scholars have continuously explored and demonstrated that there is a potential association between the inflammatory potential of diet and the risk of colorectal cancer. However the relationship between the inflammatory potential of different diets and the pathogenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer needs further exploration and research. A healthy diet can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating the production of inflammatory factors in the body improving the body 's immune ability. Therefore this article evaluates the inflammatory potential of diet the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis the correlation between diet related to inflammatory potential and colorectal cancer and the prognosis in order to improve the screening system for high-risk populations of colorectal cancer reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and provide new ideas and new perspectives for the construction of personalized dietary intervention programs for high-risk populations of colorectal cancer in my country.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 487-491 [Abstract] ( 35 ) HTML PDF (815 KB)  ( 51 )
492 Research progress on nutritional status and prognosis of immunotherapy in patients with malignant tumors
1Lu Siyi,2Luo Liqiong
Nutritional and metabolic status demonstrates dynamic interplay with immune function status and immunotherapy efficacy including treatment - related toxicity tolerance in cancer patients and shows significant correlation with immunotherapy prognosis. Macroscopically tumor-associated metabolic disorders encompassing host anti-tumor stress responses and cancer-derived metabolic abnormalities trigger protein - energy wasting imbalance accompanied by reduced dietary intake and activity restriction leading to progressive malnutrition or even cachexia which further diminishes immunotherapy response rates and treatment tolerance. Microscopically the nutrient - deprived hypoxic and acidotic tumor microenvironment disrupts immune cell metabolic reprogramming thereby suppressing their antitumor efficacy and establishing a vicious cycle of immune escape. Nutritional assessment constitutes a crucial component of baseline evaluation prior to cancer immunotherapy enabling clinicians to better identify beneficiaries from immunotherapy and formulate personalized treatment strategies. Consequently prognostic indicators integrating nutritional and immune parameters e. g. prognostic nutritional index geriatric nutritional risk index have emerged as potential biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy outcomes. This review synthesizes current understanding of cancer-associated metabolic characteristics their immunomodulatory impacts and advances in nutritional biomarkers for immunotherapy prognosis prediction aiming to provide clinical reference value.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 492-497 [Abstract] ( 39 ) HTML PDF (830 KB)  ( 27 )
498 Research Progress on the Nutritional Status and Nutritional Therapy of Liver Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
1Li Yichao,1Yang Xiaoya,2Zhang Yu,1Zhou Fengjun
Chemotherapy as an important treatment method for liver cancer patients when used in combination with molecular targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy can significantly improve the treatment effect. However the adverse reactions during chemotherapy can have an adverse impact on the nutritional status of patients which in turn affects the treatment effect and quality of life. Therefore nutritional therapy occupies an indispensable position in the treatment system of liver cancer. The adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy such as nausea vomiting and loss of appetite can directly lead to insufficient nutrient intake in patients causing malnutrition. Malnutrition can further reduce the physical strength of patients and affect key indicators such as total protein in the body forming a vicious cycle. This not only reduces the tolerance of patients to chemotherapy but also increases the treatment risk and reduces the survival rate. On the contrary a good nutritional status can significantly improve the tolerance of patients to chemotherapy and enhance the body's immunity playing a positive role in improving the treatment effect and survival rate. In terms of nutritional assessment there are currently a variety of nutritional assessment tools in clinical practice such as GNRI O - PNI CONUT etc. Studies have shown that a comprehensive assessment combining multiple indicators can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the nutritional status of patients providing more valuable reference for the formulation of subsequent treatment plans. A correct nutritional treatment plan can effectively enhance the tolerance of patients to chemotherapy. In conclusion in-depth research on the nutritional status and nutritional treatment methods of liver cancer patients is of great significance for improving the comprehensive treatment effect of liver cancer and the prognosis of patients.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 498-502 [Abstract] ( 30 ) HTML PDF (813 KB)  ( 13 )
503 The application prospects of sheep milk in cancer treatment
1Hao Zhenbo,2Bian Chao,1Li Zhijun,3Su Xiaohu
With the rising global incidence of cancer the importance of nutritional support in cancer treatment has become increasingly prominent. Sheep milk rich in lactoferrin conjugated linoleic acid medium-chain fatty acids and various bioactive peptides demonstrates significant antioxidant anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects showing potential in cancer therapy. Studies have shown that sheep milk slows tumor progression and alleviates treatment side effects through multiple mechanisms including inducing tumor cell apoptosis inhibiting cancer cell proliferation modulating gut microbiota and improving nutritional status. Extracellular vesicles and bioactive peptides derived from sheep milk also show new prospects in cancer drug delivery and photothermal therapy providing a potential pathway for precise cancer treatment. Some studies have also found that sheep milk may offer protective effects against complications arising during cancer therapy such as treatment - related anemia liver injury and cognitive dysfunction particularly by improving intestinal function and regulating oxidative stress. Although most studies focus on cell and animal experiments clinical research remains limited and the mechanisms of sheep milk 's complex components need further investigation. Future research should focus on clinical validation standardization of extraction processes and multi-omics analysis to provide theoretical support for the application of sheep milk in cancer treatment.
2025 Vol. 12 (4): 503-508 [Abstract] ( 34 ) HTML PDF (844 KB)  ( 14 )
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