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| High salt cancer promotor or inhibitor? |
| Wang Yibo, Cui Jiuwei |
| Cancer Center the First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 Jilin China |
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Abstract Sodium chloride is an essential element for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body. The main
component of salt is sodium chloride. However when daily salt intake exceeds 6 grams defined as a high salt diet HSD it can lead
to various adverse health effects. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a close association between HSD - induced
inflammatory states and the occurrence and progression of various tumors. Nonetheless recent research has uncovered promising
potential for salt in the field of anti-tumor therapy. Salt can accumulate in the interstitial and tumor microenvironments regulating the
differentiation and activation of immune cells thereby enhancing anti - tumor immune responses. Additionally the hypertonic
environment induced by high sodium levels can directly exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. As a safe and cost-effective potential
therapeutic approach the challenge lies in avoiding adverse health effects caused by excessive dietary salt while leveraging its
immunomodulatory and hyperosmotic properties for anti-tumor treatment. This review aims to elucidate the dual mechanisms by which
high salt exerts its effects during tumor development and progression. By comprehensively analyzing these mechanisms we intend to
provide a theoretical foundation and novel insights for the clinical application of high salt in cancer therapy paving the way for future
anti-tumor strategies.
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