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2020 Vol. 7, No. 1
Published: 2020-04-20
 
1 Diagnostic criteria of cancer nutrition related status
Yu Kaiying, Liu Lihui, Shi Hanping
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.001
Nutrition-related conditions (NRC) mainly refer to diseases associated with nutrition or nutrition related therapies. NRC includes malnutrition (undernutrition), sarcopenia, asthenia, weight loss, over weight, fat, micronutrient abnormality and refeeding syndrome. This article mainly introducesdiagnostic criteria of the most common nutritional status in cancer patients： malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, and weight loss. Malnutrition was diagnosed by weight, BMI and Assessment Scale. The methods include subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Cachexia was diagnosed by weight, skeletal muscle index and BMI. Sarcopenia was mainly diagnosed by muscle mass, strength and physical activity. Weight loss was mainly diagnosed by the loss rate whose points are the amount, the time, and the components of loss. Malnutrition includes mild malnutrition, moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition. Cachexia includes pre-cachexia, cachexia and bad cachexia. Sarcopenia includes primary sarcopenia and secondary sarcopenia. Weight loss includes 0 to 4 grades. The diagnosis of tumor nutrition related status is helpful to clarify the nutritional status of tumor patients.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 548 ) HTML PDF (754 KB)  ( 635 )
7 Research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and tumorigenesis and development
Chen Fei, Liang Tingting, Lyu Zheng, Li Wei, Cui Jiuwei
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.002
There are many types of intestinal microbes, which form a complex intestinal microecosystem. The intestinal microecosystem co-exists with the host and affects the hosts health, and it is known as the "second genome" of human beings. Intestinal microecological imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. The current research results show that changes in the diversity and abundance of intestinal microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses are related to tumorigenesis and its development. These microorganisms can affect tumors by regulating host inflammation and immunity, participating in material metabolism, and disrupting gene stability process. However, there are significant differences in the results of various studies, which may be related to various factors such as inconsistent research methods and the complexity of intestinal microorganisms. Regulation of intestinal microecology through diet therapy, supplementation of probiotics or missing bacteria, and application of antibiotics may become new methods for tumor prevention and treatment. This article summarizes the current research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Also, it points out some challenges and possible solutions for intestinal microbiological research in the field of oncology, as well as the new direction of tumor prevention and treatment targeting intestinal microecology in the future. The review aims to clarify the ideas for further tumor-microbial research and accelerate the clinical transformation of the research results, and provide new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 7-12 [Abstract] ( 419 ) HTML PDF (601 KB)  ( 418 )
13 Advances on the biological activity and mechanism of hesperidin
1Xie Qi, 2Wang Qiang, 1Gao Shuqing, 3Lei Min, 4Li Zengning
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.003
Tangerine peel, which was first published in the Shennongs herbal, is the dried and mature peel of the rutaceous plant orange and its cultivated varieties, also known as tangerine peel. Tangerine peel, tasting bitter and warm, returning lung, spleen main and collateral channels, have the effect of “regulating qi and strengthening spleen, dampening phlegm”. Hesperidin is one of the main active ingredients of flavonoids tangerine peel, formula for C28H34O15, structure of dihydroflavonoside, and appears as white acicular crystal. Hesperidin mainly exists in the mature peel of orange and cultivated varieties of rutaceae, and its biological activity has been widely noted. In recent years, with the in-depth study of hesperidin, many pharmacological activities have been proved and widely used in medicine, food and other scientific fields. Previous research has shown that hesperidin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-radiation, anticancer, cardiovascular system protection, improve blood glucose, lipid metabolism, nervous system protection and other biological activities. Combining the domestic and foreign advances in hesperidin, we reviewed the latest research progress and biological efficacy of hesperidin and to forecast its future development trend.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 13-17 [Abstract] ( 373 ) HTML PDF (548 KB)  ( 340 )
18 Research progress on the relationship between celastrol and tumor metabolism
Li Ye,Song Mengmeng,Chang Wenjun,Miao Mingyong,Pan Yamin
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.004
Celastrol is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine with extensive therapeutic properties and high medicinal value. It is commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and cancer. Celastrol can inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor through a variety of ways, especially closely related to tumor metabolism, and has an important impact on the metabolism of sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and tumor microenvironment of tumor cells. Celastrol causes mitochondrial dysfunction to alter the glucose metabolism pathway, resulting in insufficient energy supply to tumor cells； affects lipid metabolism in tumor hosts by inducing liver Sirt1 expression； inhibits the progress of colorectal cancer by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) expression and tryptophan catabolism, controls pancreatic cancer by combining with IDO inhibitor D-1MT. In the tumor microenvironment, celastrol can treat melanoma by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatory bodies and remodeling immunosuppression. According to the latest research, the high metabolism of intestinal flora can improve the efficacy of celastrol in the body, affecting the development of tumors. This review describes the main effects and mechanisms of celastrol on tumors from a metabolic perspective, providing a scientific basis for its in-depth study of pharmacological effects.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 18-21 [Abstract] ( 411 ) HTML PDF (891 KB)  ( 274 )
22 Progress of enteral nutrition support and intestinal microecological adjustment in surgical patients with gastric cancer
Chen Jie, Lian Bo, Li Mengbin, Zhao Qingchuan
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.005
Gastric cancer is the fifth malignant tumor in incidence and the third in mortality worldwide. For gastric cancer patients, the main treatment plan is still surgical resection. Due to psychological factors, tumor consumption, mechanical obstruction, increased catabolic metabolism and other factors of gastric cancer will lead to serious nutritional metabolism problems among patients, it will affect the safety of surgery and postoperative recovery. Surgery is the main treatment for gastric cancer, but the trauma, physiological changes and postoperative chemotherapy may further aggravate the above problems. Intestinal microecology is an important part of human immune function. However, existing studies suggest that tumor metabolism, surgery and chemotherapy may cause changes in the intestinal flora. With the development of the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, the comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer has attracted more and more attention from surgeons. How to improve the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer after surgery, reduce intestinal flora disorder, and thus reduce postoperative complications and accelerate postoperative recovery has become the focus of gastrointestinal surgeons. This paper reviews the application of perioperative enteral nutrition support and intestinal microecological regulation in patients with gastric cancer.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 22-26 [Abstract] ( 384 ) HTML PDF (588 KB)  ( 262 )
27 null
1 Li Zengning, 2 Xu Hongxia,1 Ren Yuwei, 1 Du Hongzhen, 3 Jia Pingping,4 Chen Wei,5 Qin Kan,6 Yu Zhen,7 Chen Lianzhen,8 Wang Min,9 Yao Qinghua,10 Zhang Pianhong,11 Lyu Quanjun,12 Wang Kunhua,3 Shi Han
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.006
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2020 Vol. 7 (1): 27-31 [Abstract] ( 445 ) HTML PDF (464 KB)  ( 394 )
32 Guidelines for nutritional treatment of esophageal cancer patients
1Li Tao,2Li Baosheng,1Lyu Jiahua,3Chen Junqiang,4Chen Keneng,5Chen Yuanyuan,6Cong Minghua,7Fu Jian hua,8Han Yongtao,9Li Jie,10Li Wei,11Li Zengning,12Liao Zhengkai,13Liu Ming,14Pang Qingsong,15Qu Baoli
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.007
Esophageal cancer patients are at the highest incidence of malnutrition. Malnutrition will reduce the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy, increase adverse reactions to treatment, prolong hospital stays, delay physical rehabilitation, increase medical costs, and reduce treatment efficacy and quality of life. Therefore, the standardized nutrition therapy is of great significance to patients with esophageal cancer. However, to date, there are no guidelines for nutritional treatment for esophageal cancer patients. Therefore, the tumor nutrition experts from China Society for Nutritional Oncology, Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the Nutrition and Support Therapy Group of Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists searched and analyzed the latest literature on nutritional treatment of esophageal cancer. After repeated discussions and modifications, they developed this guideline. The guideline discussed the evidence and recommendations from the six aspects of nutrition diagnosis, nutritional treatment indications, treatment access, treatment pathways, nutrients, and efficacy evaluations for patients with esophageal cancer.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 32-42 [Abstract] ( 1017 ) HTML PDF (593 KB)  ( 621 )
43 The expression and significance of lncRNA-GAS5 in endometrial carcinoma tissues
1Qi Lining, 1Zhu Jihong,1Guo Yanpu, 1Li Miao, 2Li Lin, 2Wei Xujing
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.008
Objective   To investigate the expression and significance of lncRNA-GAS5 in typeⅠendometrial cancer tissues. Methods   Tissue samples were collected from 40 patients with typeⅠendometrial carcinoma and 40 patients with normal endometrial tissues for benign diseases such as uterine fibroids. The expression of lncRNAP-GAS5 in different endometrial tissues was detected by  reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. And the detected data were combined with the clinicopathological data of patients with endometrial carcinoma for statistical analyses. Results  Compared with normal endometrial tissues, the expression of lncRNA-GAS5 was down-regulated in typeⅠendometrial cancer tissues, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The expression of lncRNAP-GAS5 in typeⅠendometrial cancer tissues of stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ was lower than that in endometrial cancer tissues of stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ. The relative expression quantity of lncRNAP-GAS5 in typeⅠ endometrial cancer with lymph node metastasis was lower than that in typeⅠendometrial cancer without lymph node metastasis with statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no difference in lncRNAP-GAS5 expression between different pathological grades, myometrial inva and ages of typeⅠendometrial carcinoma patients (P>0.05).  Conclusions  lncRNA-GAS5 was down-regulated in typeⅠendometrial cancer tissues,especially in typeⅠ endometrial cancer at advanced stage (Ⅲ~Ⅳ stage) and with lymph node metastasis, it may play an inhibitory role in the occurrence and metastasis of typeⅠendometrial carcinoma.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 43-46 [Abstract] ( 386 ) HTML PDF (399 KB)  ( 213 )
47 Effect of probiotic enteral nutrition support combined with maltodextrin fructose on postoperative patients with gastric cancer
Ma Dongbo
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.009
Objective  To study the effects of probiotic enteral nutrition support combined with maltodextrin fructose drink on the recovery, subjective comfort and abdominal distension of patients with gastric cancer after operation. Methods   120 patients with gastric cancer who underwent elective surgery in Lianyungang hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2016 to June 2019 were divided into two groups by random number table： control group and observation group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups underwent D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. After operation, both groups received SOX regimen for chemotherapy. The patients in the observation group were treated with probiotic enteral nutrition support combined with maltodextrin fructose beverage after operation. The patients in the control group received enteral nutrition support with probiotics. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks. The differences of intestinal microecology, nutritional status, subjective comfort and adverse reactions between the two groups were observed. Results  After treatment, the number of Lactobacillus faecalis, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus and Eubacterium in the two groups both increased, and the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus and Eubacterium in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of HB, HCT, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TP, ALB and PAB in the two groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of HB, HCT, TP, ALB, PAB and ALT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The subjective comfort score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the incidence of diarrhea, abdominal distension and vomiting of the observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).  Conclusions  Probiotic enteral nutrition support combined with maltodextrin fructose beverage can significantly reduce the incidence of abdominal distension, diarrhea and vomiting in patients with gastric cancer after operation. It is suggested that clinical application of probiotic enteral nutrition support combined with maltodextrin fructose beverage should be promoted.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 47-51 [Abstract] ( 366 ) HTML PDF (434 KB)  ( 293 )
52 Correlation between nutritional status and quality of life in patients with head and neck radioactive oral mucositis
1Wang Xuan,2Qin Nan,3Jiang Guichun
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.010
Objective  To investigate the correlation between nutritional status and quality of life in patients with head and neck tumors with radiation-induced oral mucositis. Method  A total of 80 patients with head and neck radioactivity were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Quality of Life Scale for Cancer Patients (QLQ-C30), the Patient Supervisory Overall Rating Scale (PG-SGA), and the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Response Standard (NCI-CTCAE) Patients with oral mucositis were investigated. Result  In total of 80 patients met the selection criteria, including 51 males and 29 females. The age ranged from 19 to 80 years, with an average age of (58.21±11.84) years. PG-SGA evaluation results： There were 12 cases of Grade A patients, 35 cases of Grade B patients, and 33 cases of Grade C patients. Physical function, role function, cognitive function, social function, general health and fatigue, pain, constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms were significantly correlated with nutritional status (P<0.05), emotional function, nausea There was no significant correlation between vomiting, shortness of breath, insomnia, loss of appetite, economic difficulties and nutritional status (P> 0.05). Conclusions  Patients with head and neck radiation oral mucositis had malnutrition to varying degrees, and their nutritional status was positively correlated with quality of life (P <0.01). Therefore, improving the nutritional status of patients with head and neck radiation oral mucositis can greatly improve the quality of life of patients, improve clinical treatment outcomes, and provide reference basis for future nursing interventions.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 52-56 [Abstract] ( 286 ) HTML PDF (502 KB)  ( 253 )
57 Sulforaphane inhibits angiogenesis via induction of mitochondrial fission
Wang Yaqian, Zheng Xiangyu, Chen Fangfang, Li Dan
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.011
Objective  To investigate the effect of Sulforaphane (SFN) on angiogenesis and the underlying mechanism. Methods  The primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as the study model in vitro, with 1‰ DMSO incubation as control group. WST-1 kit was used to detect the proliferative activity of HUVECs after exposed to 5～100μmol/L SFN for 24h. The effects of SFN on angiogenesis were further examined by the tube formation assay and transwell migration assay after 10μmol/L treatment. Mito-Tracker Green FM dye-labeled mitochondria were captured by confocal microscopy imaging technology, and Western blot was applied to detect the expression level of mitochondrial dynamics related proteins, including mitofusin-1/2 (Mfn1/2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HUVECs after 10μmol/L SFN intervention for 24h. Results  SFN significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of HUVECs   after intervention for 24h at concentrations higher than 5μmol/L with the IC50 38.15μmol/L. The inhibition rates were 17.82% (P=0.009), 35.33%(P<0.001), 65.29%(P<0.001), 66.82% (P<0.001) and 68.05% (P<0.001), respectively, at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100μmol/L. Compared to control, the migration rate of HUVECs in the 10μmol/L SFN-treated group was reduced by 42.98% (P=0.018), and the formation capacity of the capillary-like structure quantified by the number of meshes, the number of nodes, and the total length, were reduced by 83.94% (P=0.011), 59.22% (P=0.021) and 50.49% (P=0.025), respectively. Mechanistically, analysis of mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dynamics related protein expression showed that 10μmol/L SFN significantly promoted mitochondrial fission with the number of mitochondrial networks and the aspect ratio significantly decreased by 27.39% (P=0.006) and 11.37% (P<0.001), whereas circularity significantly increased by 11.97% (P<0.001). In line with mitochondrial morphology alteration, SFN at 10μmol/L significantly induced the protein expression of Drp1 (1.71 folds) (P<0.001), while surpressed that of Mfn1/2 59.30% (P=0.006) and 74.75% (P=0.031) of control, accompanied by VEGF protein expression downregulation (65.66% of control) (P=0.003).  Conclusion  SFN possesses the anti-angiogenic activity and the potential mechanism may involve promotion of mitochondrial fission in vascular endothelial cell.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 57-63 [Abstract] ( 318 ) HTML PDF (2659 KB)  ( 233 )
64 Mechanism of miR-125b inhibiting proliferation of glioma cells
1Chen Pengfei,1Huo Xianhao,1Liu Wenqing,1Li Kai, 2Xue Tao
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.012
Objective  To explore the molecular mechanism of miR-125b inhibiting proliferation of glioma cells. Methods  A total of 32 glioma patients were included in the research from December 2016 to December 2017, 31 patients who were with cerebral hemorrhage undergoing intracerebral hematoma removal or with intracranial decompression due to craniocerebral injury but normal brain tissuenormal were collected as the control. The expressions of microRNAs-125b in glioma tissue and LN229 cells were detected by qPCR. The inhibitory effect of microRNAs-125b on the growth of LN229 cells was detected after transfecting microRNAs-125b mimics. The target of microRNAs-125b was predicted by targetscan, miRanda and other prediction softwares. Dual luciferase reporter gene system was used to detect the interaction between RNA-125b and STAT3 mRNA, and the effect of RNA-125b on the expression of STAT3 protein in LN229 cells was detected by Western blot. Results  Compared with normal para-cancerous brain tissues, the expression of microRNA-125b in glioma tissue was significantly decreased, and the expression of microRNA-125b in glioma cell line LN229 was also significantly lower than that in normal astrocytes. Compared with NC mimics, the proliferation of LN229 cells was significantly inhibited after transfected microRNA-125b mimics. Dual luciferase reporter gene system studies have shown that the transcriptional activity of STAT3 can be directly regulated by microRNAs-125b which also significantly inhibit the expression of STAT3 protein in LN229 cells. Conclusion  The low expression of miR-125b in glioma cells is associated with poor prognosis. MiR-125b can regulate the proliferation of glioma cells by inhibiting the expression of STAT3.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 64-69 [Abstract] ( 299 ) HTML PDF (2335 KB)  ( 205 )
70 Longitudinal study of nutrition and quality of life in patients with postoperative recovery of esophageal cancer
Zhou Hong, Xie Qin, Zhou Aoru, Li Shanshan, Dai Xiaojing, Miao Yan
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.013
Objective  To understand the trend and correlation of nutrition status and quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer during postoperative rehabilitation period, so as to provide reference for the development of postoperative extended care plan for esophageal cancer. Methods  Seventy-five patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery in Sichuan Cancer Hospital  were selected as subjects. The patient-generated subjective global assessment scale (PG-SGA), the European Organization For Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Cancer Specific Version (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Esophageal Cancer Supplemental Scale (EORTC QLQ-OES18) were used for assessment at 1month, 3 months and 6months after surgery. Results  The incidence of malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer decreased from 73.4% to 33.5% with time. Quality of life in each evaluation time point had statistical significance (P<0.05), the comparative difference of function areas and symptoms in postoperative 1month, 3 months, and 6months was notably significant (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference between postoperative 3 months and 6months (P>0.05). Moreover, Nutritional status was negatively correlated with body, role, mood and social function (P<0.05), and positively correlated with dysphagia, eating, reflux, obstruction, anorexia and cough (P<0.05). Conclusions  The nutrition and quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer are poor during the first month after operation, and gradually improve over time. In order to improve the quality of life of patients during rehabilitation, medical staff should develop a standardized and individualized extended care plan according to the changes of nutritional status and quality of life at different time points.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 70-74 [Abstract] ( 364 ) HTML PDF (465 KB)  ( 224 )
75 Application of pathway nutrition management in perioperative period of patients with esophageal cancer
Miao Yan, Luo Chunyan, Li Yaling, Gao Jiajing, Song Jianglan, Han Yongtao
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.014
Objective  To explore the application effect of pathological nutrition management in perioperative patients with esophageal cancer. Methods  A total of 156 patients who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to July 2018 were randomly divided into intervention group (n=78) and control group (n=78). Pathological nutrition management was used in the intervention group, and the control group was treated with routine nutrition management. The nutritional indexes such as hemoglobin, prealbumin, body mass index (BMI), prognostic nutritional index  (PNI) and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, as well as the length of postoperative hospital stay.  Results  The hemoglobin (126.09±16.69)g/L, prealbumin (208.74±38.51)mg/L, BMI (22.28±2.05)kg/m2 and PNI (46.62±4.03) of the observation group were better than those in the control group at 7 days after operation  (P<0.05). The incidence of pleural effusion in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.02,P=0.04). The hospital stay of the intervention group was shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant.(t=6.53,P=0.03).  Conclusions   Pathway nutrition management can effectively improve the nutritional status of perioperative patients with esophageal cancer, reduce the occurrence of complications, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 75-79 [Abstract] ( 302 ) HTML PDF (462 KB)  ( 224 )
80 Application of nutritional risk screening in liver cancer patients underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Zhao Lingli, Li Tingting, Wu Yifan, Yan Xuanhui, Zhang Yu
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.015
Objective  To explore the application of nutritional risk screening before TACE in patients with liver cancer and its influence on the curative effect, quality of life and prognosis. Methods  From January 2013 to December 2018, 180 patients with advanced liver cancer treated by TACE were selected from Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. According to nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002), the study population was divided into two groups：one group with nutrition risk (NRS 2002≥ 3 points) and another group without nutrition risk (NRS 2002<3 points). Further, the basic clinical characteristics, physical and biochemical indexes reflecting nutritional status, therapeutic effect, complications and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups. Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the survival of the patients, and the incidence of other clinical end-point events such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy were compared. Results  Among the 180 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were 85 patients without nutritional risk and 95 patients with nutritional risk. The incidence of nutritional risk was 52.8%. There were statistical differences in triceps skinfold thickness, upper arm muscle circumference, body mass index, and albumin between the two groups of patients (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between total protein and preprotein in the two groups of patients (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical effectiveness and postoperative complications of TACE in treating tumors between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). The quality of life score in patients without nutritional risk was higher than that of patients with nutritional risk (P<0.05). The 3-year survival rate of patients with nutritional risk was 54.74%； the 3-year survival rate of patients without nutritional risk was 68.24%, which was statistically significant (HR=0.61, P=0.05, 95%CI=0.38~0.98). The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia was statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction of portal vein thrombosis (P>0.05).  Conclusions   Nutritional risk screening is of great significance for patients undergoing TACE surgery. Nutritional risk is closely related to clinical outcomes, so it is particularly important to screen for patients with nutritional risks as early as possible and to provide interventions.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 80-85 [Abstract] ( 330 ) HTML PDF (580 KB)  ( 251 )
86 Visualization analysis of CiteSpace V on cancer-associated sarcopenia
1Li Li, 1Lu Huanzhen, 2Ding Liping, 2Yu Jiaxiang, 2Yang Heng, 2Zhang Meining
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.016
Objective  To understand and analyze the research status and hot spots of domestic and overseas cancer-associated sarcopenia patients, so as to provide reference for the research in this field in China. Methods  Literatures in the field of cancer-associated sarcopenia collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science （WOS） core databases from 1999 to 2018 were retrieved and analyzed visually by CiteSpace V software with bibliometrics. Results  The total number of papers was on the rise, Asian countries were relatively in the lead, but highly cited literature was mainly concentrated in Europe and the United States. The research hotspots in the field of cancer-associated sarcopenia in China were related factors and prognosis of sarcopenia in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. The research hotspot of WOS in this field has extended to the study of prognosis of patients receiving chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy, urinary system tumors, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, focusing on the in-depth study of the mechanism and influencing factors, the intervention study of exercise and nutrition in this field and so on.  Conclusions   The study of cancer-associated sarcopenia in China is still in its infancy. Nurses should pay more attention to patients and strengthen the evaluation and screening of muscle strength, body function and nutritional status of tumour patients. On the basis of drawing lessons from foreign research methods and combining with the actual situation of our country, we should broaden the scope of research and carry out appropriate research.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 271 ) HTML PDF (3741 KB)  ( 315 )
93 Effect of β-HB, LAC, Lp-PLA2 level monitoring on diabetic ketoacidosis combined infection
1Wang Chunyan, 2Gu Wei, 2Hou Liping, 2Geng Jianlin, 2Zhang Xuekun
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.017
Objective   To investigate the effects of β-hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid (LAC), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level monitoring on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) combined infection. Methods   From May 2018 to May 2019, 100 inpatients with DKA infection in our hospital and other municipal hospitals in endocrinology department, intensive medicine department, and emergency ICU were selected as the DKA infection group, 100 cases without DKA were selected as DKA infection-free group, and 50 patients with diabetes mellitus were selected as DM group. After admission, blood samples were taken from each patient. Serum Lp-PLA2 level was determined by immunoenhancement turbidimetry, serum beta-HB level was determined by automatic blood gas analyzer, serum LAC level was determined by enzymatic colorimetry, and basic treatment such as fluid infusion, hypoglycemia,ketone correction and acid correction was given to DKA infected patients. The serum levels of beta-HB, LAC and Lp-PLA2 were measured before and after treatment in three groups, and DKA infected patients with different degrees of disease and DKA infected group. The correlation between serum indicators and the degree of DKA infection was analyzed. Results   (1) Three groups of serum indicators：the serum levels of serum beta-HB,LAC and Lp-PLA2 in DKA infection-free group were higher than those in DM group, and the serum levels of beta-HB, LAC and Lp-PLA2 in DKA infection group were higher than those in DKA infection-free group (P<0.05)； (2) Serum indicators of DKA infection in different severities：the serum levels of beta-HB, LAC and Lp-PLA2 in moderate patients were higher than those in mild patients and severe patients. Serum levels of beta-HB, LAC and Lp-PLA2 were higher than those of moderate (P<0.05)； (3) Serum indexes of DKA infected patients before and after treatment：After treatment, serum levels of beta-HB,LAC and Lp-PLA2 in DKA infected group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05)； (4) Relevance：There was a significant positive relative correlation between serum levels of beta-HB,LAC and Lp-PLA2 and the severity of DKA infection (P<0.05).  Conclusions   Serum levels of beta-HB,LAC and Lp-PLA2 are positively correlated with the severity of DKA combined infection. Clinical examination of serum levels of beta-HB,LAC and Lp-PLA2 can provide evidence-based support for evaluating the severity of infection and symptomatic treatment. 
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 93-97 [Abstract] ( 297 ) HTML PDF (471 KB)  ( 223 )
98 Dynamic investigation of nutritional risk and nutritional support in  enhanced recovery after surgery of colorectal cancer
Li Wei, Chen Geliang, Hua Chao, Qiu Qiong, Liu Jing, Zhang Jing
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.018
Objective  To assess the changes of perioperative nutritional risk and clinical applicability by dynamic Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002), and to observe the conditions of nutrition support so as to the explore the role of dynamic NRS 2002 in guidance of perioperative nutritional support. Methods   A total of 189 perioperative colorectal cancer patients without chemoradiotherapy on admission from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected by fixed place of continuous sampling. Dynamic nutritional risk screening was performed by NRS 2002 for patients at 24h after admission and within 24h after discharge. Clinical data, measurement of human physical indicators and indicators of laboratory examinations such as hemoglobin, serum albumin and prealbumin were recorded. Meanwhile, the condition of nutritional support of patients during hospital stay was recorded, related nutritional indicators and postoperative rehabilitation of patients with or without preoperative nutritional support were compared according to the screening results. Results   All the 189 colorectal cancer patients enrolled in the study completed the NRS 2002 assessment, with an applicability rate of 100.00%. Nutritional risk screening results showed that there were 92 colorectal cancer patients (48.68%) with preoperative nutrition risk, among whom 30 patients (32.61%) received preoperative nutrition support, and their rehabilitation conditions were better than 62 patients without preoperative nutrition support. The postoperative nutrition support rate of the patients in the study was 100%. However, the proportion of patients with enteral nutrition support accounted for the highest, and their levels of albumin, prealbumin and hemoglobin at discharge were significantly lower when compared to the results of admission. Conclusions  Preoperative nutritional risk screening indicates that patients with colorectal cancer have a higher incidence of nutritional risk for admission. Therefore, preoperative nutrition support is favorable for the rehabilitation of patients, perioperative nutrition support can improve their prognosis. Besides, nutritional risk screening and assessment at discharge are of great significance due to the increased trend of nutritional risk.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 98-103 [Abstract] ( 273 ) HTML PDF (509 KB)  ( 264 )
104 Meta-analysis of pro-inflammatory diet and risk of colorectal cancer
1Li Xiaoling, 1Xie Ying, 1Cao Wei, 2Zhang Ruiguo, 1Li Zengning
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.019
Objective  This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between pro-inflammatory diet and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, so as to provide a reference for scientific diet. Methods  The PubMed, EM base, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP Database were retrieved by computer. According to the inclusion criteria, the related studies before July 2019 were collected and evaluated. Dietary inflammation index (DII) was used to evaluate the inflammatory effect of diet. This meta-analysis was carried out by Revman 5.2 software. The odds ratio (OR) value and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the included studies were pooled. At the same time, the subgroup analysis was conducted according to the cancer type and continent. Results  A total of ten literatures were included, which enrolled 964 935 cases. Individuals in the highest pro-inflammatory diet category were increased with the incidence of colorectal cancer compared to those in the highest anti-inflammatory diet category (OR=1.43,95％CI=1.28~1.60). Subgroup analysis by cancer type showed that individuals with the highest pro-inflammatory diet category were increased with colon cancer (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.20~1.57), and rectal cancer (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.11~1.61). Subgroup analysis by continent showed that：Asia (OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.77~2.68), Europe(OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.32~1.85), North America(OR=1.28, 95％CI=1.21~1.35).  Conclusions   Dietary patterns with pro-inflammatory diet may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The correlation between pro-inflammatory diet and colorectal cancer risk in Asia may be higher than that in Europe and North America, but this conclusion needs to be confirmed by further studies.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 104-111 [Abstract] ( 323 ) HTML PDF (2930 KB)  ( 230 )
112 Research progress on the relationship between vitamin B6 and lung cancer
Liu Caiping, Wei Lei, Liu Yanqing
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.020
At present, lung cancer is a malignant cancer with high incidence and mortality rate which threatens human health. System management and comprehensive treatment including nutritional treatment are particularly important. Vitamin B6, as one of the most important B vitamins, is widely involved in body synthesis and metabolic reactions. However, the role of vitamin B6 in the occurrence, development, and treatment of different diseases is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of vitamin B6 on the risk and progression of lung cancer were discussed, and whether the demand of vitamin B6 would change in different stages of the occurrence, progression and treatment of lung cancer was understood. Combining these studies, we draws the following points： 1. The level of serum vitamin B6 was negatively correlated with the risk of lung cancer. However, for healthy or non-lung cancer people, dietary or vitamin B6 supplement could not reduce the risk of lung cancer, and high dose vitamin B6 supplementation might be harmful. 2. When the body is significantly deficient in vitamin B6, the risk of lung cancer increases. 3. For cancer patients, vitamin B6 alone or in combination with other nutrients can inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, induce the production of anti-tumor cytokines, and play an anti-tumor role. Therefore, the intake and supplement of vitamin B6 should first evaluate the health status of the body, especially the level of vitamin B6.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 112-116 [Abstract] ( 417 ) HTML PDF (868 KB)  ( 275 )
117 Vitamin  and mineral supplements for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer
1Tang Minyu, 2Zeng Yuan, 2Hao Zhexue, 2Zhang Yalei
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.021
Lung cancer is one of the most malignant tumors with the fastest growing morbidity and mortality which threaten peoples health and life, and advanced lung cancer has low rate of radical resection, which is prone to recurrence and metastasis after surgery. In recent years, the global incidence of lung cancer increased year by year, which makes the limited health care resources increasingly get shortage. Therefore, how to prevent and treat lung cancer has become one of the priorities of clinicians all over the world. The treatment method of lung cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The corresponding treatment can only be completed when the patient maintains a good nutritional status. But the incidence of malnutrition is high in lung cancer patients due to limited nutritional intake and increased consumption, and there is a greater probability for the patients to have inadequate intake of vitamin and mineral or deficiency. In recent years, more and more experimental evidence has proved that multivitamins and minerals play a vital role in prevention, development and improvement of prognosis of lung cancer, and reasonable supplement of nutrition is helpful to prevent the occurrence and improve the prognosis of lung cancer. This article reviews the mechanism and clinical application of multivitamins and minerals in preventing and intervening the occurrence and development of lung cancer, so as to improve the attention of clinicians on multivitamins and minerals, to provide clinical basis for rational selection of such nutritional supplements to assist in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer, to better implement nutrition support for patients, and to promote the rehabilitation of patients.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 117-121 [Abstract] ( 406 ) HTML PDF (447 KB)  ( 414 )
122 Progress in multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
Xu Min
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.022
Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in men. With the aging of the population and the changes of peoples lifestyle, its incidence rate and mortality rate have been increasing. It has seriously threatened peoples health, its incidence rate is expected to double in 2030. Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (Mp-MRI) is a new imaging modality that combines anatomical MR imaging   (MRI) with one or more functional MR imaging sequences. The traditional role of Mp-MRI is limited to PCa staging, but with the continuous development of physics and medicine, a variety of imaging sequences have been developed and applied in clinical. At present, Mp-MRI sequence includes conventional T1, T2 weighted imaging and functional MRI, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRSI), etc. Its role has been extended to all stages of clinical diagnosis and treatment, including detection, localization, invasive evaluation, tumor stage, the evaluation of therapeutic effect, provides a non-invasive solution to evaluate the biological behavior of tumor. This paper reviews the application of Mp-MRI in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, its advantages and disadvantages, and looks forward to the new location of multiparameter Mp-MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate diseases.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 122-125 [Abstract] ( 314 ) HTML PDF (941 KB)  ( 222 )
126 Research progress of nutritional assessment and influencing factors in elderly cancer patients
1,2 Zheng Fengjuan,2Liu Wei,1Qin Nan, 2Li Jianan, 2 Zhao Jiaqi, 1Jiang Guichun
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.023
The aging situation of national population is severe, and the number of elderly patients suffering from cancer is increasing year by year, accompanying the rising hospitalized rate which attracted widely attention from clinical scholars. As a chronic consumptive disease, tumors consume a lot of muscle and adipose tissue continuously due to its rapid proliferation and side effects of treatment. The elderly cancer patients have many comorbidities, complicated condition, relatively long treatment period, and high proportion of nutritional risk and malnutrition. Since malnutrition could increase the risk of complications, prolong the length of hospital stay, increase medical costs, and lead to seriously adverse effect on the quality of life. It is of great significance for the elderly cancer patients to understand the content of their nutritional evaluation, to take appropriate nutritional screening and evaluation, and to understand the factors that cause the nutritional risk and malnutrition. This article reviewed the content of nutritional evaluation, the selection of nutritional screening and evaluation methods, and the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly cancer patients. With a view to comprehensively improving the understanding of the nutritional status, selecting appropriate nutritional evaluation content, screening the best nutritional evaluation tools, taking targeted measures according to the influencing factors, to better improve the nutritional status of elderly cancer patients and improve the prognosis and life quality.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 126-130 [Abstract] ( 491 ) HTML PDF (499 KB)  ( 284 )
131 Leaky gut：mechanisms and clinical implications
Zhang Xi, Shi Hanping
DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.01.024
A contiguous layer of cells as well as the junctions that seal the paracellular space play a fundamental function to separate luminal harmful contents from the interstitium. Leaky gut resulted from impaired mechanical barrier and dysfunctional paracellular pathway, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Leaky gut has been proposed to be associated with a number of disease states, but there is a lack of valid clinical data supporting such proposal. Therefore, it is important to provide a balanced view of the association between leaky gut and diseases to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of disease associated with increased intestinal permeability. This review summarizes the mechanism and clinical significance of leaky gut from aspects including the relationship between mechanical intestinal barrier and intestinal permeability, measurement of intestinal permeability, and intestinal permeability in disease states.
2020 Vol. 7 (1): 131-136 [Abstract] ( 294 ) HTML PDF (615 KB)  ( 344 )
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