肌肉减少症的营养与运动干预研究进展

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.04.024

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摘要肌肉减少症是一种与年龄增长有关的渐进性、全身性的骨骼肌疾病，骨骼肌量减少、肌肉力量或肌肉功能减退是其主要表现，与虚弱、跌倒、功能衰退、死亡等风险增加有关。肌肉减少症在很大程度上归因于衰老，但也包括其他一些高危因素，如：肿瘤、骨关节炎、神经系统疾病、活动减少、营养摄入不足或吸收不良、与药物有关的厌食症、营养过剩或肥胖等。肌肉减少症诊断流程为FACS：风险筛查（Find）-评估（Assess）-确诊（Confirm）-严重程度判定（Severity）。营养和运动干预对防治肌肉减少症有显著的积极作用，可不同程度地改善骨骼肌质量、功能及平衡能力。充足的能量摄入，补充富含亮氨酸的蛋白质、维生素D、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、益生元、益生菌及与阻抗运动、有氧运动结合，可以延缓、改善甚至逆转肌肉减少症。本文综述肌肉减少症的定义、诊断、发病机制、营养及运动防治方案，以期加强临床医师对肌肉减少症的认识，为我国肌肉减少症的防治处方提供依据。

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	阳静
	朱翠凤

关键词 ：肌肉减少症, 营养, 体力运动, 防治

Abstract：Sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic skeletal muscle disorder associated with aging, with reduced skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle strength or muscle function as its primary manifestations, and is associated with an increased risk of weakness, falls, functional decline, and death. It is largely attributed to aging, but also includes other high-risk factors such as cancer, osteoarthritis, neurological disorders, decreased activity, inadequate or malabsorbed nutritional intake, drug-related anorexia, overnutrition, or obesity. The diagnostic process for sarcopenia is FACS: Find—Assessment — Confirmation — Severity. Scientific nutritional and exercise interventions have a significant positive effect on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, which can improve skeletal muscle mass, function and balance to varying degrees. Adequate energy intake, supplementation with leucine-rich protein, vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics and combination with resistance exercise and aerobic exercise can slow, improve and even reverse sarcopenia. This article reviews the definition, diagnosis, pathogenesis, nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, with a view to strengthening clinicians understanding of sarcopenia, and providing a basis for the prevention and treatment prescription of Sarcopenia in China.

Key words： Sarcopenia Nutrition Physical activity Prevention and treatment

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0400604）

通讯作者: 朱翠凤，电子邮箱：1794371266@qq.com

引用本文:

阳静，朱翠凤. 肌肉减少症的营养与运动干预研究进展[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志, 2020, 7(4): 502-505.
Yang Jing, Zhu Cuifeng. Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: a systematic review. Electron J Metab Nutr Cancer, 2020, 7(4): 502-505.

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