1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; 2Department of Clinical
Nutrition, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100070, China;2 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University,
Beijing 100070, China;3 Neurology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China;4 Department of
Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;5Clinical Nu?
trition Center, Inner Mongolia People′s Hospital, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia,China; 6 Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second
Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China;7 Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of
Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, Hebei, China; 8
Department of Nutrition, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University,
Beijing 100053, China; 9
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China;
10Department of
Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital/Capital Medical University Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base
for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition/Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038;
11Department of Clinical Nu?
trition, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China；12Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliat?
ed Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, Jiangsu, China;
13Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medi?
cal University, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
Abstract：Gliomas are primary brain tumors and comprise anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade Ⅲ) and glioblastomas (grade
Ⅳ). In the past 30 years, the incidence rate is increasing year by year, especially among the elderly. The standard treatment for
glioblastomas, the most common and lethal subtype，is maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy with concomitant
and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite this aggressive policy, practically all patients develop disease progression or
recurrence with limited second⁃line treatment options, resulting in a poor 5⁃year overall survival of 5%~10%. Diets with high fat,
low carbohydrate, moderate amount of protein and other nutrients, such as ketogenic diet are hypothesized to reduce tumor
growth and improve survival. However, most clinicians have insufficient experience in ketogenic diet therapy. The aim of this expert consensus is to summarize all clinical and early clinical data on ketogenic diet for the treatment of malignant gliomas, soas to better guide the ketogenic diet in malignant.
