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2024 Vol. 11, No. 1
Published: 2024-02-09
 
1 Abnormal expression of ghrelin and its receptor in tumor diagnosis and treatment
Wang Yibo， Cui Jiuwei
Ghrelin is a gastric peptide also known as the hunger hormone. It can stimulate the pituitary gland to release growth hormone and is a key peptide that regulates energy metabolism. Ghrelin exists in two forms acylated ghrelin and inactive des-acylated ghrelin. Acylated ghrelin binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor GHSR and mediates a variety of physiological functions. In addition to stimulating appetite and increasing food intake ghrelin can also protect heart function prevent muscle atrophy increase bone density regulate stress and anxiety and inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Ghrelin and its receptors have become potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. In recent years more and more studies have proven that ghrelin and GHSR are abnormally expressed in various tumors and have direct effects on tumor cell proliferation apoptosis autophagy and other functions. They are also closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors through the indirect effects of regulating inflammatory response estrogen production and metabolism. The abnormal expression of ghrelin and its receptor can serve as a marker for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of various tumors. Additionally drugs targeting ghrelin are gradually being developed and have demonstrated promising efficacy in preclinical studies and clinical trials for both antitumor treatment and supporting therapy for tumor patients. This article will explore the role of ghrelin and its receptors in tumor development their potential as tumor markers and therapeutic targets and review the application of related drugs in tumor patients.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 113 ) HTML PDF (2485 KB)  ( 78 )
9 Current status and advances in inflammation research
Xie Hailun，Shi Hanping
Inflammation is a defensive response of the body's immune system to external stimuli capable of maintaining tissue homeostasis under various harmful conditions. Inflammation is the body 's immune system 's defensive response to external stimuli capable of maintaining tissue homeostasis under various harmful conditions. However the side effect of the inflammatory response is a temporary decrease in tissue function which is one of the mechanisms underlying many diseases. Therefore when inflammation is excessive or persistent it can promote the development of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease malignant tumors diabetes chronic kidney disease and non - alcoholic fatty liver disease. Human life process is closely related to inflammation. Inflammation is not only a protective factor but also a potentially pathogenic factor that runs throughout the entire life cycle. Therefore it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of inflammation and to take measures to mitigate its impact on health. The purpose of this review is to systematically review the progress of inflammation. By systematically discussing the history of inflammation theory the pattern of inflammation the classification of inflammation the role of inflammation and the regulation of inflammation we hope to provide new ideas and directions for the intervention and treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 9-19 [Abstract] ( 305 ) HTML PDF (3206 KB)  ( 232 )
20 Circadian clock， metabolism rhythms， and dietary intervention
Miao Mingyong
The 24 - hour rhythmic changes in physiology biochemistry and behavior of living organisms are called circadian rhythms or biological clocks. The generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms are the result of a series of regulatory effects related to circadian clock genes. The core circadian clock molecules PER/ CTY and BMAL1 / CLOCK regulate the transcription of thousands of biological clock genes keeping the peripheral circadian clock synchronized with the central circadian clock and affecting the metabolic rhythm. The changes in metabolic rhythm affect the rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes through the output of metabolites or the action of metabolic related enzymes and proteins. Therefore frequent disruption of life patterns can cause disturbances in the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm ultimately leading to aging and the occurrence and development of a series of metabolic diseases. Regular and healthy lifestyle is crucial for maintaining normal circadian rhythms and health. Dietary interventions food quantity food quaility feeding time and fasting can align or reset the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm and have become attractive methods for alleviating age-related physical decline and chronic diseases.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 20-27 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML PDF (1737 KB)  ( 115 )
28 Tumor dietary modification and radiation
1Ni Shuang,1Lyu Jiahua
The occurrence proliferation invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors are closely related to the nutrients in the tumor microenvironment. The nutritional composition of tumor microenvironment is affected by the dietary composition of tumor organism. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of tumor cells. Tumor cells can adapt to an unregulated state of cell proliferation by upregulating the absorption and synthesis of nutrients such as glucose amino acids and fats. Tumor dietary modification is to change the dietary pattern to achieve direct or synergistic tumor treatment. There are various ways to modificate diet which can be achieved by adjusting the total energy / energy composition ratio of the diet or limiting eating time or by increasing or decreasing the content of a specific nutrient in the diet. Although multiple dietary modifications have shown significant synergistic effects with radiotherapy in many preclinical and some clinical studies there is still no clear expert consensus or guideline to recommend the best dietary modification mode for cancer patients receiving radiotherapy due to the lack of large-scale clinical research. This paper systematically reviews the studies on several commonly used dietary patterns such as conventional balanced diet intermittent fasting calorie restriction diet ketogenic diet and caloric restriction ketogenic diet in patients with tumor radiotherapy and expounds the advantages and limitations of different dietary patterns for tumor radiotherapy hoping to provide certain reference for the research and clinical application of dietary regulation combined with radiotherapy.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 28-34 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML PDF (1628 KB)  ( 159 )
35 Current progress and prospects in protein lactylation
1Wang Dandan,2Hu Lanlin,1,3Xu Chuan
Lactic acid is the main metabolic product of glycolysis and plays a vital role in energy supply and signal transduction. Lactate plays an important role in the development of a variety of diseases and promotes the progression of several types of tumours by inhibiting immune cells and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The role of lactylation derived from lactic acid in gene transcription regulation and the modulation of protein structure and function was first reported in 2019 providing new insights into the role of lactate in physiological and pathological processes. This review retrospectively analyzes the published research on lactylation and summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation the histone lactylation sites and their regulatory role in the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells and embryonic development inflammation tumors and other diseases and the non-histone lactylation sites and their roles in physiopathology. Finally we summarise some of the unresolved issues in lactylation research. Lactylation is involved in the development of various diseases and targeting lactylation may serve as one of the strategies for clinical treatment of related diseases. However the regulatory mechanism of lactylation and its physiological regulatory role in the occurrence and development of diseases remains unclear and targeting lactylation is still in the theoretical stage. Further exploration of the mechanism and preclinical studies is needed to provide new view for the treatment of lactylation-related diseases.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 35-44 [Abstract] ( 468 ) HTML PDF (1957 KB)  ( 401 )
45 Guidelines for screening diagnosis and nutritional intervention of older patients with sarcopenia
Clinical Nutrition and Health Branch， China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese
Sarcopenia is a common complication in the elderly that increases the risk of falls fractures and other chronic diseases. Nutritional treatments are one of the most common means of alleviating and preventing sarcopenia in the elderly with favourable results in clinical patients and patients treated at home which have the advantages of high operability effective and low side effects. Taking the updated post - 2018 diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia such as EWGSOP2 AWGS2019 and IWGS as a reference this paper is based on various types of population-based studies carried out in national and international research including various types of studies published in recent years such as multiple randomized controlled clinical trials systematic reviews or meta-analyses cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. We summaries the possible pathogenesis of sarcopenia together with the screening diagnosis assessment prevention and nutritional treatment of sarcopenia. For clinical diagnosis and nutritional intervention of sarcopenia in the elderly the grading of evidence and strength of recommendation criteria in the guidelines are based on the European Society of Cardiology criteria. Nutritional treatment recommendations are made for different types pathogenesis disease severity and other characteristics which provides references for the normation and standardisation of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 45-55 [Abstract] ( 306 ) HTML PDF (1381 KB)  ( 368 )
56 Expert consensus on nutritional therapy for patients with bone marrow transplant
Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology， Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Prior to bone marrow transplantation adverse reactions to myeloablative drugs can lead to decreased appetite taste salivary gland function gastric emptying and intestinal function in patients as well as severe mucosal inflammation and graft versus host disease GVHD leading to secondary malnutrition. GVHD can directly damage organs and tissues such as the skin liver mucosa lungs esophagus and musculoskeletal system. Long term use of immunosuppressants to prevent and treat GVHD can lead to endocrine and metabolic system diseases including insulin resistance abnormal lipid metabolism hypothyroidism or hypogonadism resulting in malnutrition. Patients with pre-existing malnutrition before transplantation can sustain malnutrition for several years after receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Improving the nutritional status of patients through nutritional therapy can not only reduce the incidence of acute GVHD in transplant patients shorten implantation time but also reduce infection related mortality and prolong survival.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 56-59 [Abstract] ( 196 ) HTML PDF (868 KB)  ( 235 )
60 Study on nutritional risk and influencing factors of patients with urothelial carcinoma during chemotherapy
Li Huihui，Chen Hui， Wang Liangmei， Zhang Xiaoqing
Objective To investigate the nutritional status of patients with urothelial carcinoma during chemotherapy and analyze its influencing factors. Method From January 2022 to January 2023 180 patients with urothelial carcinoma admitted to the urological department in our hospital were selected. Nutritional risk screening 2002 NRS 2002 was used to assess the nutritional risk of patients within 24 hours of admission and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status of patients with urothelial carcinoma during chemotherapy. Result According to NRS 2002 evaluation 73 out of 180 patients had nutritional risk accounting for 40. 56% and 107 out of 180 patients had no nutritional risk accounting for 59. 44%. The serum total protein and albumin levels of individuals with nutritional risk were lower than those without nutritional risk P<0. 05 . Through univariate analysis it can be seen that there is a statistically significant difference in age body mass index per capita monthly income of families clinical staging depression vomiting and surgical proportion between individuals at nutritional risk and those without nutritional risk P<0. 05 . Through multiple factor analysis it can be seen that age per capita monthly income of the family clinical stage depression vomiting serum total protein and serum albumin levels are independent risk factors that affect the nutritional status of patients with urothelial carcinoma during chemotherapy P<0. 05 . Conclusion Age average monthly family income clinical stage depression vomiting serum total protein and serum albumin levels are the main factors affecting the nutritional status of patients with urothelium cancer during chemotherapy.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 60-64 [Abstract] ( 78 ) HTML PDF (835 KB)  ( 94 )
65 Perioperative nutritional status of children undergoing operation for malignant solid tumors and its risk factors
1Lu Jieting，1Zhang Jing，2Wu Shaojing，3Liu Qi，1Chen Chunrong，1Huang Aihui
Objective To investigate the perioperative nutritional status of children undergoing operation for malignant solid tumors and its risk factors. Method A total of 60 children who underwent operation for malignant solid tumors at Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center from March 2020 to March 2023 were enrolled. They were divided into malnutrition group and non-malnutrition group according to the nutritional status in 3 months after operation. The perioperative nutritional status of children undergoing operation for malignant solid tumors and the risk factors for malnutrition were analyzed. into malnutrition group and no malnutrition group. The perioperative nutritional status and risk factors of malnutrition in children undergoing surgery for malignant solid tumors were analyzed. Result In 3 months after operation there were 32 53. 33% children without malnutrition and 28 46. 67% children with malnutrition. BMI FFMI and BCMI in the malnutrition group were lower and FMI was significantly higher as compared with the non-malnutrition group P= 0. 005 P = 0. 004 P<0. 001 P = 0. 007 . Compared with the non-malnutrition group the proportions of children undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation and children with medium-risk and high-risk nutritional status at admission were significantly higher. During hospitalization the dietary intake meets the standards and the proportion of special nutritional support is significantly lower in the malnutrition group P < 0. 001 P = 0. 001 P < 0. 001 P = 0. 006 . Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy and nutritional status at admission were risk factors for malnutrition in children undergoing operation for malignant solid tumors P = 0. 017 P = 0. 029 . Conclusion The perioperative nutritional status of children undergoing operation for malignant solid tumors is not good and the risk of postoperative malnutrition is high. It is necessary to strengthen nutritional support for children with poor nutritional status at admission and those undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 65-69 [Abstract] ( 69 ) HTML PDF (1494 KB)  ( 56 )
70 Development and preliminary application of comprehensive assessment scale for cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors
Hang Linzhu，Cao Jufang，Zhang Jianfeng
Objective To develop a comprehensive assessment scale for cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors and to conduct a preliminary application for evaluating the reliability and validity of the scale. Method Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms the core index of symptom assessment of the scale was generated combined with relevant literature and the content of cognitive interviews with some cancer survivors in the early stage an item pool was preliminarily compiled and after two rounds of expert consultation cancer- related fatigue was evaluated. 245 cases of cancer survivors were tested for the reliability and validity of the scale. Result The final revision of cancer survivors cancer - induced fatigue comprehensive assessment scale included 32 items 8 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 70. 454% . The item-level content validity index ranged from 0. 827 to 1. 000. The content validity index of the scale level is 0. 924 the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale is 0. 893 and the Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient is 0. 796. Conclusion The cancer-related fatigue comprehensive assessment scale for cancer survivors has good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 70-75 [Abstract] ( 69 ) HTML PDF (899 KB)  ( 91 )
76 Current situation and countermeasures of nutritional knowledge attitude and practice in cancer chemotherapy patients in primary hospitals
Li Yi，Lai Chaoyun，Liang Siyan
FGObjective To investigate the status of nutritional KAP of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in primary hospitals and analyze its influencing factors so as to provide clinical basis for nutritional education management and nutritional intervention of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in primary hospitals. Method A total of 220 inpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy in a Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan from July to December 2022 were selected by convenient sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire on nutrition KAP of cancer chemotherapy patients was used for field questionnaire survey. Result The KAP of nutrition in cancer patients were positively correlated NRS2002 and PG-SGA were negatively correlated with nutrition KAP and NRS2002 and PG-SGA were positively correlated. The scores of nutritional KAP were 16. 80±0. 62 18. 44±0. 32 and 20. 78± 0. 27 points. The passing rate was 13. 5% 87. 5% 49% and the excellent rate was 0 45. 2% 0. The nutritional knowledge of patients with medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical care and patients with remote cooperative medical care was lower than that of patients with medical insurance P<0. 05 The scores of patients with nutritional knowledge obtained from the Internet were higher than those obtained from medical staff P< 0. 05 The degree of family support had a statistical difference in nutrition knowledge P<0. 05 There was statistical difference between education level and nutrition attitude P<0. 05 Compared with lung cancer patients nutritional practice scores were lower in chemotherapy patients with other diseases P<0. 05 The nutritional practice scores of workers were higher than those of farmers P < 0. 05 The degree of medical social support had statistical difference on nutritional practice P<0. 05 . Conclusion The nutritional knowledge of cancer chemotherapy patients in primary hospitals is not ideal with a positive attitude towards nutrition and poor practice. Comprehensive assessment of patients' conditions full consideration of patients' payment method education level occupation medical and social support family support and other factors targeted nutrition knowledge education provide individualized professional and refined nutrition education and nutrition intervention improve patients' nutritional practice and enhancing the nutritional knowledge-attitude-practice level of patients.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 76-82 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML PDF (920 KB)  ( 39 )
83 To explore the effects of the clinical outcomes on nutrition pre-rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal tumor surgery
1Wang Shu'an,2Gu Jingyue，2Yang Jiayao，3Guo Kedi，1Chen Xiaotian，4Dong Siping，2Xu Yan
Objective To explore the effect of nutrition pre-rehabilitation on the clinical prognosis of elderly patients undergoing abdominal tumor surgery. Method A retrospective study was conducted. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they received oral nutritional supplementation at the first outpatient visit. The nutrition pre - rehabilitation group n = 40 adopted nutritional pre- rehabilitation mode while the control group n = 53 was treated with routine care - mode. All patients underwent laparoscopic surgery according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. The changes of nutritional status complications psychological status hospitalization days and expenditures were compared between the two groups. Result The weight of the two groups were decreased while the index of the nutrition pre-rehabilitation group was better than the control group -1. 88±0. 92 kg vs -2. 56± 0. 70 kg P<0. 01 . Yet it is not suitable for the index of serum total protein serum albumin and serum prealbumin P>0. 05 . In addition the infection rate of pre-rehabilitation group was lower than that of control group 15. 00% vs 35. 85% P = 0. 03 and there was no difference in intraoperative bleeding p=0. 19 . At discharge the pre-rehabilitation group had significantly fewer hospitalization days 13. 0 11. 0 17. 8 days vs 15. 0 14. 0 19. 0 days P=0. 034 and expenditures 59 300 48 600 68 800 yuan vs 66 500 54 400 75 800 yuan P=0. 028 . Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing abdominal tumor surgery nutrition pre-rehabilitation model may help to maintain better nutritional status. In addition it may also reduce infection rate and expenditures as well as shorten hospitalization days.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 83-87 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML PDF (417 KB)  ( 106 )
88 Analysis of risk factors for sarcopenia in lung cancer patients with random forest model
1Chen Siting，2Zhang Guolong，2Deng Ying，1Huang Ningbin，1He Shi，2Ruan Liang
Objective To investigate the current situation of the occurrence of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients and analyze its risk factors so as to provide reference for clinical identification of the high-risk group of sarcopenia in lung cancer. Method A total of 420 lung cancer patients were conveniently selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between September 2022 and July 2023. Based on the diagnostic criteria of the Asian sarcopenia working group in 2019 the study subjects were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups by using several indexes for joint diagnosis such as skeletal muscle index grip strength and 5 times sit - up test time. The random forest algorithm was applied to rank the importance of potential independent variables influencing sarcopenia while considering classification errors with out - of - bag data. The selected variables were subsequently incorporated into a multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Result Out of the 420 lung cancer patients 97 23. 10% exhibited coexisting sarcopenia with 47 11. 19% classified as severe cases. The results of binary logistic regression showed that calf circumference OR= 0. 533 was a protective factor for the development of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients while age ≥ 65 years OR= 3. 789 high SARC-F score OR = 1. 857 and history of smoking OR = 4. 407 were independent risk factors P<0. 05 . Conclusion A high prevalence of sarcopenia is prevalent in lung cancer patients. The risk of sarcopenia was greater for patients ≥ 65 years of age smaller calf circumference higher SARC - F scores and a history of smoking. It is recommended that healthcare professionals should pay more attention to these high - risk groups and implement early interventions to reduce the incidence of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 88-95 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML PDF (898 KB)  ( 88 )
96 Correlation analysis of nutritional status with liver function inflammatory factors and prognosis in patients with liver cancer
Hao Liheng，Wang Meng，Qiao Tongshan
Objective To investigate the Correlation analysis of nutritional status with liver function inflammatory factors and prognosis in patients with liver cancer. Method The clinical data of 170 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma admitted for hemihepatectomy treatment in Bayannur Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The patients were grouped by the subjective overall nutritional status assessment scale PG-SGA assessment results with 0-≤1 group 13 cases 2-≤3 group 34 cases 4-≤8 group 58 cases and ≥9 group 65 cases . We compared the differences in liver function indexes and inflammatory factor levels of patients in each group analyzed the correlation between PG-SGA scores and liver function indexes and inflammatory factor levels and compared the prognostic survival status of the well-nourished group group 4~≤ 8 + group ≥9 and the malnourished group group 0~≤1 + group 2-≤3 . Result Direct bilirubin DBIL total bilirubin TBIL aspartate aminotransferase AST alanine aminotransferase ALT interleukin-6 IL-6 tumor necrosis factor-a TNF-α and interleukin-1 IL-1 were higher than those in subgroups 0-≤1 2-≤3 and 4-≤8 respectively in patients of subgroups ≥9 of PG-SGA F = 20. 870 18. 633 835. 004 1190. 48 26. 283 28. 242 31. 109 P< 0. 05 and albumin ALB were lower than subgroups 0-≤1 2-≤3 and 4-≤8 respectively F = -18. 755 P<0. 05 . Person correlation analysis showed that PG-SGA score had a negative correlation with ALB r = -0. 403 P<0. 05 and a positive correlation with DBIL TBIL ALT AST TNF-α IL-1 IL-6 r = 0. 412、0. 451、0. 862、0. 849、0. 530、0. 543、0. 515 P<0. 05 . Kaplan-Meier survival Analysis showed that overall survival was better in the well-nourished group than in the malnourished group χ 2 = 6. 364 P<0. 05 . Conclusion Most liver cancer patients have malnutrition and the nutritional status is closely related to liver function inflammation factor and prognosis. The more severe the malnutrition is the worse the liver function is the more severe the inflammation level is and the worse the prognosis is clinics need to focus on monitoring the nutritional status of liver cancer patients to ensure that patients have good nutritional status before surgery.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 96-101 [Abstract] ( 61 ) HTML PDF (1627 KB)  ( 126 )
102 Nutritional status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and its influence on prognosis
Yue Mengyuan，Zheng Guiju，Hao Ziyi，Si Yejun，Yang Xiaotian，Zhang Bing，Zhang Yanming
Objective To evaluate the nutrition status in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation HSCT and its influence on prognosis. Method Clinical data from 68 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was collected. The body weight body mass index BMI biochemicals and other nutrition-related indexes were monitored before transplantation and 14 days 30 days 60 days and 90 days after transplantation and their correlation with acute graft versus host disease aGVHD and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Result Patients are at risk of malnutrition after transplantation ① BMI of patients exhibited a significant decrease after transplantation compared to the pre - transplantation in particular BMI at 90 days after transplantation decreased dramatically P<0. 05 ②Albumin and prealbumin decreased significantly in the early stage after transplantation and increased in the late stage of transplantation compared with the early stage P<0. 05 ③After transplantation triglyceride was significantly higher than before transplantation and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower than before transplantation P<0. 05 . The blood glucose and triglycerides of patients with aGVHD after transplantation were higher than those without aGVHD P<0. 05 The albumin and prealbumin of the aGVHD group after transplantation were lower than those without aGVHD group P< 0. 05 . Patients in the survival group had higher amounts of albumin and total protein than those in the non - survival group P < 0. 05 . Conclusion The nutrition status of patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be assessed by using body composition and biochemical indexs. Patients with aGVHD have a worse nutritional state than patients without aGVHD while those with good nutritional status have a better prognosis than those with poor nutritional status.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 102-109 [Abstract] ( 99 ) HTML PDF (959 KB)  ( 60 )
110 The predictive value of prognostic nutritional index，SUPAR and TK1 in the prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Liu Yang，Che Jin，Qin Tingting，Cao Wei，Zhang Yuanyuan，Xu Yang
Objective To explore the significance of prognostic nutritional index PNI and serum soluble urokinase - type plasminogen activator receptor suPAR and thymidine kinase 1 TK1 in the expression of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and its role in prognostic evaluation. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 92 patients with advanced liver cancer collected from February 2019 to February 2021 all of whom underwent PNI evaluation and serum suPAR and TK1 detection. The levels of PNI suPAR and TK1 were compared between the two groups. At the same time based on whether the patient died they were divided into a poor prognosis group n = 28 death and a good prognosis group n = 64 survival . After analyzing the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of advanced liver cancer patients using a multi factor Cox risk model the diagnostic value of PNI suPAR and TK1 was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic ROC curves. Result Through univariate analysis vascular invasion and portal vein thrombosis can have an impact on the prognosis of advanced liver cancer P < 0. 05 and the PNI index of the poor prognosis group is lower than that of the good prognosis group while the levels of suPAR and TK1 are higher than those of the good prognosis group with statistically significant differences. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of PNI low expression of suPAR low expression of TK1 no vascular invasion and no portal vein thrombosis had significantly higher survival time than those with low expression of PNI high expression of suPAR high expression of TK1 vascular invasion and portal vein thrombosis with statistical significance P<0. 05 According to the multi factor Cox risk model analysis low expression of PNI high expression of suPAR and high expression of TK1 are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of advanced liver cancer patients P<0. 05 . According to ROC curve analysis the area under the curve for PNI suPAR TK1 and the combined diagnosis of advanced liver cancer prognosis were 0. 818 0. 827 0. 801 and 0. 957 respectively. Conclusion As serum suPAR and TK1 levels increased PNI index decreased prognosis nutrition index suPAR and TK1 can be used as a simple and effective index to help evaluate the severity and prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 110-115 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML PDF (1245 KB)  ( 131 )
116 The biological implications of matrix stiffness in the hallmarks of cancer
Deng Licong，Yang Xue，Liu Bo
Tumor is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is one of the most concerned diseases in humanity. During the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors tumor cells evolve a series of characteristics by the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable them to survive and adapt to stress-related conditions in the tumor microenvironment TME . These properties which are known as hallmarks of cancer include sustained proliferative signaling tumor metastasis angiogenesis metabolic reprogramming resistance to cell death and promoting tumor inflammation. Recently the biological implications of mechanical factors matrix stiffness fluid shear stress portal vein pressure etc. in TME have attracted increasing attention in tumorigenesis and development. Matrix stiffness is a key physical factor of the tumor microenvironment as known as extracellular matrix ECM stress. Studies have demonstrated that matrix stiffness in solid tumors increases significantly due to the collagen overproduction pathological collagen crosslinking and fiber alignment in turn tumor cells sense this abnormal ECM stress and convert mechanical signals into biochemical signals through their mechanical receptors and subsequently exacerbating cancer features. However the exact mechanism of matrix stiffness in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation is not fully understood. This review summarizes the study progress of ECM stiffness in regulating tumor characteristics and discusses the possibility of targeting ECM stiffness as a tumor therapeutic strategy which provides new ideas for the development of matrix mechanic-based clinical tumor therapy.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 116-122 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML PDF (2732 KB)  ( 32 )
123 A literature review of research progress in nutritional therapy for perioperative colorectal cancer patients
Han Meng，Wang Shasha，Li Yuheng，Ye Lin
Colorectal cancer CRC is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies and colorectal cancer patients generally suffer from malnutrition during the perioperative period which will be detrimental to their postoperative recovery. Reasonable nutritional treatment during the perioperative period can improve the patient's nutritional status which will be beneficial for improving prognosis. This article will comprehensively review and summarize the latest research progress in nutritional therapy for perioperative colorectal cancer patients including patient nutritional risk screening nutritional assessment nutritional treatment pathway selection timing determination of energy and macronutrients nutritional education and dietary prescription selection of enteral nutrition supplements and selection of parenteral nutrition route and formula. Meanwhile this article briefly discusses the existing problems in this field
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 123-129 [Abstract] ( 87 ) HTML PDF (2822 KB)  ( 109 )
130 Building the "hungry-free hospital" cultural system and promoting high-quality development of the hospital
Lu Yang
The Opinions of The General Office of the State Council on Promoting the High-quality Development of Public Hospitals demands that hospitals should provide medical services full of humanistic care and return to the "public welfare" of the hospital . It is the gist of the hospital culture which improves the social benefits of the hospital and then achieves sustainable high - quality development. Developing personalized scientific and reasonable nutrition support treatment programs for patients improving their clinical outcomes reducing their economic burden improving the overall health level of patients and gradually changing from " treating diseases" to " improving health literacy" is the core objective which plays a vital role in comprehensively promoting the strategic development of hospitals and the construction of healthy China. Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University took the lead in proposing the cultural concept of "hunger-free hospital" in China building a unique hospital culture from four dimensions which contains material culture behavioral culture institutional culture and spiritual culture. Under the guidance of the "hungry-free hospital " culture medical workers have gathered together and strived for excellence providing patients with higher quality medical services. It has been widely recognized by society creating certain social benefits and thus promoting the high-quality development of the hospital.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 130-134 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML PDF (2648 KB)  ( 43 )
135 Comparison of red blood cell folate and serum folate in clinical disease outcome
1,2Luo Ziqiang，2Luo Chaoying，1,2Zhang Tao
As an essential vitamin for the human folic acid functions as a carrier of one-carbon units and participates in various metabolic reactions. A deficiency in folic acid can lead to an increased risk of fetal neural tube defects megaloblastic anemia and cardiovascular diseases and depression. Both red blood cell folate and serum folate are indicators of the body's folate levels. Red blood cell folate reflects the body's folate storage status over the past 3 months and avoids the dietary intake. Plasma folate monitoring is a faster and more convenient method. In different disease prevention and treatment contexts the association between red blood cell folate and serum folate levels and the diseases themselves is inconsistent and even contradictory which results in no consistent conclusion regarding their application value. Excessive supplementation of folic acid can also increase the risk of certain diseases making it necessary to choose appropriate indicators to reflect the body's folate levels. This article reviews the applications of red blood cell folate and serum folate measurements in the prognoses of congenital abnormalities cardiovascular diseases megaloblastic anemia and depression. It also summarizes the hazards of excessive folic acid supplementation aiming to provide reference guidelines for selecting suitable indicators for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
2024 Vol. 11 (1): 135-143 [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML PDF (1956 KB)  ( 61 )
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