High fat diet, gut microbiota and metabolism, and colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in western countries. Diet is
one of the major factors that contribute to the development of CRC. In recent years, with the development and improvement of
social economy in our country, the CRC incidence has been rising with increased trend of young?onset cases, which is probably
associated with high fat diet, obesity and lack of physical exercises. Studies have shown that high fat diet is closely associated
with CRC. High fat diet could alter gut microbiota composition with decreased bacterial diversity along with depletion of
Bacteroides and enrichment of Firmicutes. Furthermore, high fat diet could also have an impact on gut metabolites with increased
secondary bile acids, fatty acids and sulfide derivants. Studies have demonstrated that excess secondary bile acids could lead to
DNA damage and gut inflammation in colon epithelial cells, and also promote proliferation of colon stem?like cell?Lgr5(+) cells
and thus contributing to colorectal tumorigenesis. In this review paper, we will discuss the contribution of high fat diet on
colorectal tumorigenesis, the impact of dietary fat on gut microbiota and metabolites, and also dietary strategies for the prevention
of CRC.
Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing
Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Abstract：Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in western countries. Diet is
one of the major factors that contribute to the development of CRC. In recent years, with the development and improvement of
social economy in our country, the CRC incidence has been rising with increased trend of young⁃onset cases, which is probably
associated with high fat diet, obesity and lack of physical exercises. Studies have shown that high fat diet is closely associated
with CRC. High fat diet could alter gut microbiota composition with decreased bacterial diversity along with depletion of
Bacteroides and enrichment of Firmicutes. Furthermore, high fat diet could also have an impact on gut metabolites with increased
secondary bile acids, fatty acids and sulfide derivants. Studies have demonstrated that excess secondary bile acids could lead to
DNA damage and gut inflammation in colon epithelial cells, and also promote proliferation of colon stem⁃like cell⁃Lgr5(+) cells
and thus contributing to colorectal tumorigenesis. In this review paper, we will discuss the contribution of high fat diet on
colorectal tumorigenesis, the impact of dietary fat on gut microbiota and metabolites, and also dietary strategies for the prevention
of CRC.
杨佳，于君. 高脂饮食、肠道菌群代谢与结直肠癌[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志, 2021, 8(2): 134-138.
Yang Jia, Yu Jun. High fat diet, gut microbiota and metabolism, and colorectal cancer. Electron J Metab Nutr Cancer, 2021, 8(2): 134-138.
