Abstract: Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China. The incidence of malnutrition is high in patients with liver cancer, the main reasons affecting their nutritional status at the time of the first hospitalization are the degree of liver damage and the tumor-burdened state. The anti-tumor treatment measures such as liver resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy can further aggravate the liver function injury and worsen the nutritional status. Medical nutrition intervention is an important part of the treatment of liver cancer. The standardized diagnosis and treatment procedures for the medical nutrition treatment of liver cancer patients include: “screening, assessment, and intervention”. Nutritional risk screening (e.g., nutritional risk screening 2002) is used to identify patients requiring nutritional treatment. Malnutrition was diagnosed by means of patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment(PG-SGA) and liver function was assessed by laboratory examination and Child-Pugh classification grading. Energy and protein supply targets are determined according to the metabolic capacity and body demand of liver cancer patients. Oral nutritional supplement is the first choice for liver cancer patients with nutritional risk or malnutrition. For those who cannot meet 60% of the energy supply of enteral nutrition or cannot accept enteral nutrition, supplemental parenteral nutrition should be given timely to maintain nutritional status, improve he compliance of anti-tumor treatment and improve clinical prognosis. Abnormal liver function in patients with liver cancer can lead to the deficiency of various trace elements and vitamins, timely and appropriate supplementation of micronutrients has positive significance for improving nutritional status and maintaining liver function in patients with liver cancer.
朱明炜,刘承宇. 肝癌患者的医学营养治疗[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志, 2020, 7(2): 155-159.
Zhu Mingwei, Liu Chengyu. Medical nutritional therapy for patients with liver cancer. Electron J Metab Nutr Cancer, 2020, 7(2): 155-159.
1.郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 19-28.
2.RIGGIO O, ANGELONI S, CIUFFA L, et al. Malnutrition is not related to alterations in energy balance in patients with stable liver cirrhosis[J]. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22(6): 553-559.
3.张鸽文, 王志明. 肝脏手术病人围手术期营养支持[J]. 肠外与肠内营养杂志, 2018, 25(5): 257-261.
4.崔红元, 朱明炜, 杨鑫, 等. 围术期肝癌患者肝功能损伤程度与其营养状态的相关性[J]. 中国临床医生杂志, 2018, 46(5): 587-591.
5.崔红元, 李照, 朱继业. 外科肝癌患者营养状况与肝功能分级和临床结局的相关性分析[J]. 中华临床营养杂志, 2014, 22(2): 82-86.
6.梁晓坤, 蒋朱明, 于康. 常用营养风险筛查工具的评价与比较[J]. 中国临床营养杂志, 2008, 16(6): 361-366.
7.中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 成人围手术期营养支持指南[J]. 中华外科杂志, 2016, 54(9): 641-647.
8.DOROTHEE V, ANNE M B, TOMMY C, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics[J]. Clin Nutr, 2019, 38(1): 10-47.
9.李涛, 吕家华, 郎锦义, 等. 恶性肿瘤放疗患者营养治疗专家共识[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志, 2018, 5(4): 358-367.
10.朱明炜, 韦军民, 陈伟, 等. 恶性肿瘤患者住院期间营养风险变化的动态调查[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(14): 1093-1096.
11.BAUER J, CAPRA S, FERGUSON M. Use of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2002, 56(8): 779-785.
12.许静涌, 杨剑, 陈伟, 等. 老年肿瘤住院患者营养不良的横断面调查[J]. 中华老年医学杂志, 2019, 38(11): 1298-1303.
13.奚桓, 崔红元, 朱明炜, 等. 富含单不饱和脂肪酸的肠外营养对老年肝切除术后患者脂质过氧化肝脏功能及临床结局的影响[J]. 中华老年医学杂志, 2016, 35(2): 128-132.
14.MIKAGI K, KAWAHARA R, KINOSHITA H, et al. Effect of preoperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing hepatectomy; a randomized controlled trial[J]. Kurume Med J, 2011, 58(1): 1-8.
15.ZHU X, WU Y, QIU Y, et al. Effects of ω-3 fish oil lipid emulsion combined with parenteral nutrition on patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(1): 68-74.
16.NAKAYA Y, OKITA K, SUZUKI K,et al. BCAA-enriehed snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis[J]. Nutrition, 2007, 23(2): 113-120.
17.OKABAYASHI T, NISHIMORI I, SUGIMOTO T, et al. The benefit of the supplementation of perioperative branched-chain amino acids in patients with surgical management for hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary study[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2008, 53(1): 204-209.
18.POON R T, YU W C, FAN S T, et al. Long-term oral branched chain amino acids in patients undergoing chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized trial[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2004, 19(7): 779-788.
19.宋京海, 朱明炜, 韦军民, 等. 优化营养支持手段与单纯肠外营养对老年肝癌切除患者术后临床结局的影响[J]. 中华临床营养杂志, 2010, 3(18): 158-161.
20.PHILIPSON T J, SNIDER J T, LAKDAWALLA D N, et al. Impact of oral nutritional supplementation on hospital outcomes[J]. Am J Manag Care, 2013, 19(2): 121-128.
21.胡抢,杨汐茵,孙元水,等. 肠内营养在结直肠癌患者术前肠道准备疗效和安全性的Meta分析。中华临床营养杂志, 2018, 26(1): 26-30.
22.MCCLAVE S A, TAYLOR B E, MARTINDALE R G, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically Ⅲ patient: society of critical care medicine (SCCM) and American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2016, 40(2): 159-211.
23.ZHU MW, YANG X, XIU DR, et al. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on the post-discharge nutritional status and quality of life of gastrointestinal cancer patients after surgery: a multi-center study[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2019, 28(3): 450-456.
24.HEIDEGGER C P, BERGER M M, GRAF S, et al. Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9864): 385-393.
25.REIGNIER J, BOISRAM-HELMS J, BRISARD L, et al. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2)[J]. Lancet, 2018, 391(10116): 133-143.
26.GUARNER F, KHAN A G, GARISCH J, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: probiotics and prebiotics October 2011[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 46(6): 468-481.
27.NEWSOME P N, BELDON I, MOUSSA Y, et al. Low serum retinol levels are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2000, 14(10): 1295-1301.