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| Biological characteristics of exosomes and its application as targeted drug carriers in malignant tumors |
| Wang Ying, Yang Tingrong, Chen Ya, Zhao Xingmin, Tan Denghang |
| Department of Pharmacy, GuiHang GuiYang Hospital , Guiyang 550009, Guizhou，China |
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Abstract The current methods of treating cancer have serious side effects. Therefore, how to specifically target the drug to
cancer cells has become an urgent problem in cancer treatment. Exosomes are disc⁃shaped vesicles secreted by cells at a
nanometer level and with double lipid layers. Both normal cells and tumor cells can secrete exosomes. The exosomes secreted by
donor cells carry proteins, lipids and ribonucleic acid (including microRNA and lncRNA), which can be directly absorbed by
recipient cells in the same tissue. At the same time, exosomes exist in almost all body fluids such as saliva, blood, urine, and
cerebrospinal fluid, and are absorbed by receptor cells in different tissues through body fluid transportation, and provide
necessary nutrients for the growth of recipient cells. Tumor cells can often release exosomes that are higher than normal tissues.
Exosomes play an important role in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis during the development of cancer. At the same
time, there are exosomes secreted by cancer cells. It can be used to distinguish characteristic molecules that are different from
other cellular exosomes, can be used as a molecular marker for tumor clinical diagnosis, and can also be used as an important
basis for tumor grading, precise treatment and prognostic evaluation. In view of this, this article collects relevant research data
abroad, summarizes the biological characteristics of exosomes, and summarizes its role and application potential in clinical tumor
diagnosis and treatment, and prospects for the further development of exosomes, in order to provide theoretical support for the
application of exosomes in clinical tumor precision treatment.
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Received: 01 August 2021
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