Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor immune tolerance
ZHANG Kang-ping, ZHANG Qi, YU Kai-ying, RAO Ben-qiang, SHI Han-ping
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University/Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
Abstract The immune system of human has been described to be able to produce the immune response to multiple abnormal antigens by tumors. Nevertheless, the immune tolerance of tumors, which induced by complex evolutionary steps of tumors, can reduce the hosts autoimmune response to tumors. Therefore, the phenomenon of immune tolerance may cause tumor to evade the hosts immune surveillance and attacks from the hosts immune effector cells. In turn, tumors have the opportunity to proliferate and metabolize in the body. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase （IDO） is a key enzyme entailed in immunosuppression that promotes the development of immune tolerance in a variety of pathophysiological processes. A large number of studies have found that IDO is an important inhibitory immune checkpoint, and the increase of its activity in patients will promote the establishment of immune tolerance. This article reviews the origin, expression and function of IDO as well as the mechanisms by which IDO promotes the establishment of tumor immune tolerance. Hence, the present review provides a broader perspective for IDOs further research and application in cancer therapy.
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