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| Advances in understanding the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and metabolic diseases |
| Zhu Sirui, Chong Feifei, Xu Hongxia |
| Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China |
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Abstract Chronic systemic inflammation plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases such as
cardiovascular metabolic diseases, diabetes, non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Diet is an important factor that regulates
body′s inflammatory status. In recent years, a literature⁃derived, population⁃based dietary inflammatory index (DII) was
developed to provide a tool that could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of an individual′s diet. A large body of
research has thus recently emerged about the associations between the DII and the risk of metabolic diseases. The DII was based
on the literature on dietary composition and inflammation published between 1950 and 2014. Articles were scored according to
their effects on six inflammatory biomarkers: IL⁃1β, IL⁃4, IL⁃6, IL⁃10, TNF⁃α and C⁃reactive protein. According to a composite
global database of foods and nutrients consumption from 11 representative countries on four continents, individuals′ intakes to be
expressed relative to the range of intakes of the forty⁃five food parameters, then the final DII score were calculated. In this
review, we summarize the development and scoring of the DII, as well as recent advances in understanding the relationship
between the DII and metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular metabolic diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
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Received: 15 February 2021
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