恶性肿瘤营养不良的特征

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.03.006

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (1414 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract There are significant differences between malnutrition caused by malignant tumors and benign diseases, which are manifested in the following seven aspects. ① the incidence of malnutrition is higher, 79.4% of inpatients with tumor have different degrees of malnutrition；② resting energy expenditure is increased: the energy expenditure of different tumors and different stages of the same tumor is different, but on the whole, the resting energy expenditure of patients with tumor increased by 10% on average, and the special glucose metabolism made the patients consume additionally about 300kcal energy every day；③ sustained physiological and psychological stress: the diagnosis of cancer itself, accompanying symptoms and treatment all brought huge trauma and stress to the patients body and mind；④ chronic low-grade irreversible inflammation: the nature of cancer is chronic low degree irreversible inflammation；its malnutrition is a kind of disorder accompanied by inflammatory reaction, that is, cachexia；⑤ wasting metabolic disorder: as a metabolic disease, malignant tumor is different from that of normal cells in the metabolism and metabolic reprogramming. Under the effect of inflammatory mediators and metabolic factors, there is significant wasting metabolic disorder；⑥ significant muscle loss: due to inflammatory reaction and catabolism, the whole body muscle loss of patients with malignant tumors are important reasons for weight loss；⑦ treatment is more difficult: it often requires more comprehensive treatment, especially metabolic modulation treatment. The more malignant the tumor is, the more obvious the above characteristics are. Malnutrition of malignant tumor has significant characteristics, so its treatment is also significantly different from that of benign diseases.

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology

Cite this article:

Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology. Characteristics of malnutrition in malignant cancer patients[J]. Electron J Metab Nutr Cancer, 2020, 7(3): 276-282.

URL:

http://182.92.200.144/EN/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2020.03.006 OR http://182.92.200.144/EN/Y2020/V7/I3/276

1.SONG C, CAO J, ZHANG F, et al. Nutritional risk assessment by scored patient-generated subjective global assessment associated with demographic characteristics in 23,904 common malignant tumors patients［J］. Nutr Cancer, 2019, 71(1):50-60.
2.吴国豪, 刘中华, 郑烈伟, 等. 普外科住院患者营养状况评价及预后分［J］. 中华外科杂志, 2005, 43(11):693-696.
3.VAZEILLE C, JOUINOT A, DURAND J P, et al. Relation between hypermetabolism, cachexia, and survival in cancer patients: a prospective study in 390 cancer patients before initiation of anticancer therapy［J］. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017, 105(5):1139-1147.
4.石汉平，许红霞，李薇. 临床能量需求的估算［J］. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志, 2015, 2(1):1-4.
5.HARRIS J A, BENEDICT F G. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man［M］. Washington DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1919.
6.ROZA A M, SHIZGAL H M. The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass［J］. Am J Clin Nutr, 1984, 40(1):168-182.
7.MIFFLIN M D, S T JEOR S T, HILL L A, et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals［J］. Am J Clin Nutr, 1990, 51(2):241-247.
8.BOOTHBY W, SANDIFORD I. Summary of the basal metabolism data on 8,614 subjects with especial reference to the normal standards for the estimation of the basal metabolic rate［J］. J Biol Chem, 1922, 54:783-803.
9.JOUINOT A, VAZEILLE C, DURAND J P, et al. Resting energy expenditure in the risk assessment of anticancer treatments［J］. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(2):558-565.
10.BARBER M D, MCMILLAN D C, PRESTON T, et al. Metabolic response to feeding in weight-losing pancreatic cancer patients and its modulation by a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement［J］. Clin Sci (Lond), 2000, 98(4):389-399.
11.MACFIE J, BURKINSHAW L, OXBY C, et al. The effect of gastrointestinal malignancy on resting metabolic expenditure［J］. Br J Surg, 1982, 69(8):443-446.
12.CONTI C M, MACCAURO G, FULCHERI M. Psychological stress and cancer［J］. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2011, 24(1):1-5.
13.WINELL J, ROTH AJ. Depression in cancer patients［J］. Oncology (Williston Park), 2004, 18(12):1554-60
14.PUCHALSKI C M, KING S D W, FERRELL B R. Spiritual considerations［J］. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 2018, 32(3):505-517.
15.BULTZ B D, CARLSON L E. Emotional distress: the sixth vital sign in cancer care［J］. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(26):6440-6441.
16.ZHU C, WANG B, GAO Y, et al. Prevalence and relationship of malnutrition and distress in patients with cancer using questionnaires［J］. BMC Cancer, 2018, 18(1):1272.
17.CHIDA Y, HAMER M, WARDLE J, et al. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival［J］? Nat Clin Pract Oncol, 2008, 5(8):466-475.
18.DIAKOS C, CHARLES K A, MCMILLAN D C, et al. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness［J］. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(11):e493-e503.
19.SINGH N, BABY D, RAJGURU J P, et al. Inflammation and cancer［J］. Ann Afr Med, 2019, 18(3):121-126.
20.MURATA M. Inflammation and cancer［J］. Environ Health Prev Med, 2018, 23(1):50.
21.CEDERHOLM T, BARAZZONI R, AUSTIN P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition［J］. Clin Nutr, 2017, 36(1):49-64.
22.NILSSON A, WILHELMS D B, MIRRASEKHIAN E, et al. Inflammation-induced anorexia and fever are elicited by distinct prostaglandin dependent mechanisms, whereas conditioned taste aversion is prostaglandin independent［J］. Brain Behav Immun, 2017, 61:236-243.
23.MATSUWAKI T, SHIONOYA K, IHNATKO R, et al. Involvement of interleukin-1 type 1 receptors in lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness responses［J］. Brain Behav Immun, 2017, 66:165-176.
24.CONG M H, ZOU BH, YU L. Mechanisms of anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome and potential benefits of traditional medicine and natural herbs［J］. Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2016, 17(13):1147-1152.
25.PATEL H J, PATEL B M. TNF-α and cancer cachexia: Molecular insights and clinical implications［J］. Life Sci, 2017, 170:56-63
26.COLE C L, KLECKNER I R, JATOI A, et al. The role of systemic inflammation in cancer-associated muscle wasting and rationale for exercise as a therapeutic intervention［J］. JCSM Clin Rep, 2018, 3(2):e00065.
27.HANAHAN D, WEINBERG R A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation［J］. Cell, 2011, 144(5):646-674.
28.WARD P S, THOMPSON C B. Metabolic reprogramming: a cancer hallmark even Warburg did not anticipate［J］. Cancer Cell, 2012, 21(3):297-308.
29.EDN E， EDSTRM S， BENNEGRD K， et al. Glucose flux in relation to energy expenditure in malnourished patients with and without cancer during periods of fasting and feeding［J］. Cancer Res， 1984，44（4）：1718-1724.
30.SCHMIDT S F, ROHM M, HERZIG S, et al. Cancer cachexia: more than skeletal muscle wasting［J］. Trends Cancer, 2018, 4(12):849-860.
31.YOON H G, OH D, AHN Y C, et al. Prognostic impact of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle loss during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer［J］. Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(4): E925.
32.DANG C V. MYC, microRNAs and glutamine addiction in cancers［J］. Cell Cycle, 2009, 8(20):3243-3245.
33.BOTT A J, MAIMOUNI S, ZONG W X. The pleiotropic effects of glutamine metabolism in cancer［J］. Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(6):pii: E770.
34.NICKLIN P, BERGMAN P, ZHANG B, et al. Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy. Cell, 2009, 136(3):521-534
35.HE Y， HAKVOORT T B， KHLER S E， et al. Glutamine synthetase in muscle is required for glutamine production during fasting and extrahepatic ammonia detoxification［J］. J Biol Chem， 2010，285（13）：9516-9524.
36.SOUBA W W, HERSKOWITZ K, PLUMLEY D A. Lung glutamine metabolism［J］. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1990, 14(4 Suppl):68S-70S.
37.NICASTRO H, DA LUZ C R, CHAVES D F, et al. Does branched-chain amino acids supplementation modulate skeletal muscle remodeling through inflammation modulation? Possible mechanisms of action［J］. J Nutr Metab, 2012, 2012:136937.
38.HOWARD E E, PASIAKOS S M, BLESSO C N, et al. Divergent roles of inflammation in skeletal muscle recovery from injury［J］. Front Physiol, 2020, 11:87.
39.CHEN S E, JIN B, LI Y P. TNF-alpha regulates myogenesis and muscle regeneration by activating p38 MAPK［J］. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2007, 292(5):C1660-C1671.
40.NISSEN S, SHARP R, RAY M, et al. Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training［J］. J Appl Physiol, 1996, 81(5):2095-2104.
41.WILSON J M, FITSCHEN P J, CAMPBELL B, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) ［J］. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2013, 10(1):6.
42.BARBER M D. Cancer cachexia and its treatment with fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplementation［J］. Nutrition, 2001, 17(9):751-755.
43.GORJAO R, DOS SANTOS C M M, et al. New insights on the regulation of cancer cachexia by N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids［J］. Pharmacol Ther, 2019, 196:117-134.
44.BARBER M D, FEARON K C, TISDALE M J, et al. Effect of a fish oil-enriched nutritional supplement on metabolic mediators in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia［J］. Nutr Cancer, 2001, 40(2):118-124.
45.YARLA N S, POLITO A, PELUSO I. Effects of olive oil on TNF-α and IL-6 in humans: implication in obesity and frailty［J］. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2018, 18(1):63-74.
46.BAR-SELA G, ZALMAN D, SEMENYSTY V, et al. The effects of dosage-controlled cannabis capsules on cancer-related cachexia and anorexia syndrome in advanced cancer patients: pilot study［J］. Integr Cancer Ther, 2019, 18:1534735419881498.