|
|
|
| Adipose tissue and cachexia: white or brown |
| DONG Ya-bing, WANG Nan-ya |
| Cancer Center of The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The adipose tissue of the human body can be divided into two types-- white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. The white adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage, and the while brown adipose tissue plays a main role in consuming energy and heat production. Recent studies have shown that there exists a third type of adipose tissue in white adipose tissue namely brown adipose tissue, which is converted from the white adipose tissue and is similar to brown fat cells in the function, the process called "white fat browning". White adipose browning is one of the important characteristics of cancer cachexia adipose metabolism. On the one hand, the white adipose tissue affects metabolism through increasing the amount of heat consumption after browning, and then results in a decrease in fat; On the other hand, browning will also affect the happening of cancer cachexia itself. The two major driving factors--interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone related protein secreted by tumor tissue mainly via exciting sympathetic nervous system to release norepinephrine, which acts on β3 adrenal hormone receptor of adipose cells and then activate transcription factors and the corresponding heat producing gene expression such as UCP1, cause browning. It is not only an early event in the development of cancer cachexia, but throughout the entire process of cachexia. By means of the early detection and intervening all links of the browning process, we can improve clinical outcomes and provide the basis for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer cachexia.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
